Chapter 13 - RNA and Protein Synthesis by Thais Nguyen https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo en-us 2021-05-12 12:20:02 UTC 2024-11-25 20:24:26 UTC hello@padlet.com RNA is nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotides. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517131544 2021-05-12 12:22:27 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517131544 Codons are each three-letter "word" in mRNA. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517131699 2021-05-12 12:22:31 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517131699 Amino acids are small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517131916 2021-05-12 12:22:36 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517131916 Point mutations are mutations that involve changes in one or a few nucleotides. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517132163 2021-05-12 12:22:41 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517132163 Transcription is segments of DNA that serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517146289 2021-05-12 12:27:36 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517146289 Mutagens are chemical or physical agents in the environment. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517148325 2021-05-12 12:28:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517148325 Translation is the decoding of mRNA message into a protein. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517150435 2021-05-12 12:28:59 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517150435 Gene expression is the way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic info into action in cells. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517152192 2021-05-12 12:29:36 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517152192 Mutations are heritable changes in genetic information. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517154563 2021-05-12 12:30:24 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517154563 Central dogma of molecular biology is information that is transferred from DNA --> RNA --> protein. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517177804 2021-05-12 12:37:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517177804 Transcription uses a strand of DNA as a template to build a molecule called RNA. The RNA molecule is the link between DNA and the production of proteins. During translation, the RNA molecule created in the transcription process delivers information from the DNA to the protein-building machines. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517186734 2021-05-12 12:40:25 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517186734 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517215027 2021-05-12 12:48:10 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517215027 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517250401 2021-05-12 12:57:50 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517250401 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517254719 2021-05-12 12:58:54 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517254719 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517260342 2021-05-12 13:00:32 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517260342 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517263147 2021-05-12 13:01:21 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517263147 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517267827 2021-05-12 13:02:38 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517267827 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517270035 2021-05-12 13:03:10 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517270035 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517274120 2021-05-12 13:03:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517274120 What is the sequence (aka the Central Dogma) of the transfer of genetic information in organisms? DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated into protein. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517282270 2021-05-12 13:05:47 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517282270 True or False: Most mutations have a fatal effect on an organism. False; most mutations have NO effect on an organism. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517286698 2021-05-12 13:06:56 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517286698 What does gene regulation allow cells to do? Control their expression and regulate together and only make genes and proteins when needed. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517288848 2021-05-12 13:07:29 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517288848 Why are codons and anticodons important to protein structure? Their function is to base pair with the codons on a strand of mRNA during translation to build the protein. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517290559 2021-05-12 13:07:56 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517290559 3 differences between RNA and DNA: Sugar in RNA is ribose, RNA is single-stranded, and RNA contains uracil, not thymine. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517310344 2021-05-12 13:12:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517310344 3 types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517313990 2021-05-12 13:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517313990 In prokaryotes, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517326444 2021-05-12 13:16:19 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517326444 In eukaryotes, RNA is produced in nucleus, moves to cytoplasm for protein production. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517328013 2021-05-12 13:16:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517328013 In order to be able to read codons, start at the middle of the circle and move outward. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517331615 2021-05-12 13:17:30 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517331615 The "GUAC" wheel reads three "letters" at a time, each word is three bases long, and it corresponds to a single amino acid. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517337441 2021-05-12 13:18:51 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517337441 Comparing RNA and DNA: Both play roles similar to master plans (DNA) and blueprints (RNA) used by builders. DNA stays in nucleus and RNA goes to ribosomes in cytoplasm. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517343475 2021-05-12 13:20:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517343475 Messenger RNA (mRNA): RNA molecules that carry copies of amino acid assembly and carry info from DNA to other cell parts. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517348569 2021-05-12 13:21:18 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517348569 Ribosomal RNA (rNA): Contained within the two subunits of the small organelles referred to as ribosomes and ribosomes are made up of several rRNA molecules & up to 80 different proteins. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517351191 2021-05-12 13:21:55 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517351191 Transfer RNA (tRNA): Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome and is specified by the coded messages in mRNA. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517354852 2021-05-12 13:22:47 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517354852 RNA, in one form or another, touches nearly everything in a cell. RNA carries out a broad range of functions, from translating genetic information into the molecular machines and structures of the cell to regulating the activity of genes during development, cellular differentiation, and changing environments. Protein synthesis is the process all cells use to make proteins, which are responsible for all cell structure and function. Proteins are important in all cells and do different jobs, such as incorporating carbon dioxide into sugar in plants and protecting bacteria from harmful chemicals. 2023nguyent https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517369467 2021-05-12 13:26:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2023nguyent/ytc9dwyfjbw5etpo/wish/1517369467