·      Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France.

·      Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas.

The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas

·      Applied reason to the human world, as well as to the rest of the natural world

·      Stimulated religious tolerance

·      Fueled democratic revolutions around the world

·      Influence of Enlightenment ideas

·      Influence of the American Revolution

 

·      Storming of the Bastille

·      Reign of Terror

 

·      End of the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI

Rise of Napoleon 

·      Johann Sebastian Bach: Baroque composer

·      Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Classical composer

·      Voltaire: Philosopher

·      Miguel de Cervantes: Novelist

·      Eugène Delacroix: Painter (transition to the Romantic School of the nineteenth century)

·      Painting depicted classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, and living people (portraits).

·      New forms of literature evolved, such as the novel (e.g., Cervantes’ Don Quixote).

 

·      All-weather roads improved year- round transport and trade.

·      New designs in farm tools increased productivity (agricultural revolution).

Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport 

·      Slaves in Haiti rebelled, abolished slavery, and won independence.

·      Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement.

·      French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies gained independence.

 

·      Mexico

·      Haiti

·      Colombia

·      Venezuela

Brazil