psych study guide by Lakshmi Parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv en-us 2018-02-21 17:24:53 UTC 2024-11-21 10:12:56 UTC hello@padlet.com what is one function of the prefrontal cortex? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233872974 it helps regulate impulsive behavior and decision making. there is a correlation between low PFC functioning and criminal behavior]]> 2018-02-21 17:33:22 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233872974 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233875291 2018-02-21 17:36:46 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233875291 what is the function of the frontal lobe? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233875768 regulates impulsive behavior, it is not fully developed and formed until adult life]]> 2018-02-21 17:37:32 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233875768 the case of phineas gage lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233877303 gage was a railroad worker who put dynamite into rocks. he used a 6 foot bar to crush the dynamite powder, and it ignited. this caused the steel pole to fire up into his left eye socket through the top of his skull. he survived but his behavior went from mild mannered to having a rude personality]]> 2018-02-21 17:40:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233877303 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233881895 2018-02-21 17:47:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233881895 what is the difference between processing, judgement and decision making? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233884026 processing: analyzing and considering available information
judgement: making an assessment based on the analysis of information 
decision making:drawing a conclusion and deciding how to act based on the judgement made]]> 2018-02-21 17:50:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233884026 marshmallow experiment lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233886940 in the experiment, the children had to control their initial impulse and process what their options were eating it or waiting for another one. then the children had to make a judgement on whether or not they would actually eat the marshmallow]]> 2018-02-21 17:55:05 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233886940 what is the amygdala’s relationship with emotion? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233889430 The amygdala is known as the “emotional centre”. It activates our stress response and also correlates to how we identify and recognize fears. Since its function is connected to the stress response, this determines our emotional response as well. It activates stress before our conscious brain is aware of it which also interlaces with how we express our emotions as well. 


]]> 2018-02-21 17:59:27 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233889430 how could a lack of response to emotional stimulus explain violence? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233892855 A lack of response to emotional stimulus explain violence at times because we would be unaware towards our actions more. It would leave us to unconsciously carry out harmful actions because we would not be emotionally aware. We would not be able to recognize the danger or consequences of those actions and are more likely to go through with it. 


]]> 2018-02-21 18:05:09 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233892855 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233899042 2018-02-21 18:15:25 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233899042 what were some of the methods and results of SM’s case study? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233899637 They exposed her to snakes and spiders, took her to one of the world’s scariest haunted houses, and had her watch a series of horror films. They also had her fill out questionnaires probing different aspects of fear, from the fear of death to the fear of public speaking.


]]> 2018-02-21 18:16:22 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233899637 how does SM’s case demonstrate the role of the amygdala in experiencing fear? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233900498 Because of her bilateral amygdala destruction at a young age, she 
What is one or more reasons why SM’s case might not be generalizable?


]]> 2018-02-21 18:17:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233900498 what were the methods and results of Albert et al.’s rat experiment on testosterone and social dominance? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233900725 They studied the alpha males from different rat colonies. Divided the rats into 4 groups: castration, castration with empty tubes, castration with testosterone-filled tubes, a “sham” castration (placebo). The results showed that castration decreased aggression, but having tubes filled with testosterone returned it to normal. The study suggests testosterone, aggression and social dominance are closely linked.


]]> 2018-02-21 18:18:16 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/233900725 are there any alternative explanations for Gage’s change in behavior? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234187576 There could be alternative explanations because the damage to Gage's frontal lobe shows correlation but not necessarily causation. Other possible explanations include: PTSD, change after near-death experience, he met new people, stress, shunned public/close people, friends' perception.]]> 2018-02-22 13:12:33 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234187576 what is neuroplasticity lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188260 allows the neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease and to adjust their activities in response to new situations or to changes in their environment. 
 
]]> 2018-02-22 13:14:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188260 what were the methods and results rosenzweig and bennets rat experiment? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188350 The method that was used were rats  that were place into a stimulated. The results of the study of the study that the anatomy of the brain was different in the EC and IC they found that there was an increased  thickness and higher weight of the cortex.]]> 2018-02-22 13:14:26 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188350 what are the research findings on correlations between the MAOA variant (MAOA-L) and the brain? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188500 The MAOA gene variation produces less monoamine oxidase A enzyme, so the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain are affected. The Caspi. Et. al. study showed that the presence of the variation of the MAOA gene coupled with abuse as a child increased the likelihood of displaying antisocial behavior.]]> 2018-02-22 13:14:46 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188500 why might people with an MAOA-L gene be more prone to impulsive violent reactors to threat? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188613 People with a variation of the MAOA gene shows greater activity in their amygdala during emotional arousal and they also show less activity in their ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to people with the normal MAOA gene.
 
]]> 2018-02-22 13:15:03 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188613 what are the counter-arguments for saying that the MAOA gene causes aggression? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188701 In the Meyer-Lindenburg et. al. study variations of the MAOA gene will only show if it was paired with emotional arousal such as seeing an angry face or a fearful one.
 
]]> 2018-02-22 13:15:17 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188701 how are twin (and adoption) studies conducted? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188796 In twin studies, researchers gather multiple identical and fraternal twins and measure a particular behavior. They see how similar the identical and fraternal twins are to each other and calculate the overall average.]]> 2018-02-22 13:15:33 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188796 what were the methods and results of Raine and Baker’s study? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188936 The researchers gathered data through questionnaires from the twins, their parents, and their teacher on antisocial behavior from the twins. The study showed that antisocial behavior in twins are half a product of genetics and half of environmental factors.]]> 2018-02-22 13:15:52 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234188936 how can twin and adoption studies show that antisocial behavior is influenced by genetics and environment? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234189051 By studying identical and fraternal twins, researchers can learn how genetics and environment influence antisocial behavior. By studying identical twins separated at birth, researchers can learn how environment influence behavior. Groves et. al. showed that heritability of antisocial behavior is only 28% in adults and 14% in children.]]> 2018-02-22 13:16:08 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234189051 how could triangulation influence the validity of this research? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234189164 By using multiple methods of research, researchers can gain more quantitative data that can be used for more analysis that will apply to the general population. Researchers from the Raine and Baker’s study could conduct an observational study on the twins to see how they behave instead of relying on people in the twins’ life.]]> 2018-02-22 13:16:25 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234189164 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234192092 2018-02-22 13:23:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234192092 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234192552 2018-02-22 13:24:08 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234192552 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234193238 2018-02-22 13:25:39 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234193238 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234193942 2018-02-22 13:27:13 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234193942 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234194267 2018-02-22 13:28:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234194267 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234194506 2018-02-22 13:28:27 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234194506 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234194807 2018-02-22 13:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234194807 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234195711 2018-02-22 13:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/234195711 what is the vmpfc? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451297 The vmPFC helps regulate our learning and our ability avoid behavior that results in negative consequences for the self


]]> 2018-03-06 04:38:50 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451297 can you apply the cognitive processes of processing, judgement, decision making to other situations? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451372 we can apply the cognitive processes of processing, judgement, and decision making to every situation involving a decision. We cannot escape these processes as they are part of a core system in the way we do what we do, or our behavior.




]]> 2018-03-06 04:39:31 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451372 what are the physiological processes involved in the threat response? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451490 the endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems are activated when there is a threat and the body receives a shot of adrenaline in order to fight or to take flight. this causes increased blood flow, respiration, pupil dilation, and suppression of non essential bodily functions.


]]> 2018-03-06 04:40:24 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451490 how does the albert study suggest a causal relationship between testosterone and behaviour? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451566 Testosterone is shown to have an effect on behaviour through the castration of the rats. Castration to remove testosterone seemed to decrease aggression but on the other hand, castration with testosterone-filled tubes returned the rats to the normal state, as of being aggressive the same way. Castration also resulted in the alpha males losing their alpha status and subordinate rats taking their place. This study suggests testosterone, aggression and social dominance are closely linked. ]]> 2018-03-06 04:41:16 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451566 what is the social cognitive theory? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451763 portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences.]]> 2018-03-06 04:42:48 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451763 what is triadic reciprocal determinism? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451861  the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences.]]> 2018-03-06 04:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238451861 describe bandura's bobo doll experiment lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452049
demonstrated that children are able to learn through the observation of adult behaviour. The experiment was executed via a team of researchers who physically and verbally abused an inflatable doll in front of preschool-age children, which led the children to later mimic the behaviour of the adults by attacking the doll in the same fashion.


]]> 2018-03-06 04:44:50 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452049 what is modeling? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452326 a method used in certain techniques of psychotherapy whereby the client learns by imitation alone, without any specific verbal direction by the therapist]]> 2018-03-06 04:47:21 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452326 what is generalizability? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452362 the extension of research findings and conclusions from a study conducted on a sample population to the population at large.]]> 2018-03-06 04:47:47 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452362 what is culture of honor? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452543 the traditional culture of the Southern United States has been called a "culture of honor", that is, a culture where people avoid intentionally offending others, and maintain a reputation for not accepting improper conduct by others.]]> 2018-03-06 04:49:25 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452543 what is testosterone? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452576 a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.

]]> 2018-03-06 04:49:43 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452576 what can an increase in testosterone levels cause? lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452593 agression and social dominance]]> 2018-03-06 04:49:58 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452593 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452780 2018-03-06 04:52:04 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452780 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452810 2018-03-06 04:52:25 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452810 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452843 2018-03-06 04:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452843 lakshmi_parayath https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452858 2018-03-06 04:52:57 UTC https://padlet.com/lakshmi_parayath/ysfviu8lp3cv/wish/238452858