Once man learned to farm, they began to settle. Permanent settlements began to develop in river valleys. The rivers provided fertile soil and water for irrigation. In order to farm more effectively, man developed new skills and tools. They made tools that were more complex and made farming easier. They quickly learned that animals could be used to do work. In addition, they developed ways to measure their seed for planting, keep track of time, build stronger homes and boats that could be used for trade and travel.

Since more food was available, populations began to grow. Soon small societies developed into villages and eventually they became large advanced societies called civilizations. As these civilizations grew, they began to accumulate more personal property and distinct cultures began to develop. Language became more sophisticated and people soon learned to write. Animal skin clothing was replaced by cloth, caves and simple shelters became wood or clay homes. As more communities emerged, there was greater interaction among the people and, in time, humans began to trade with one another. Cultural diffusion increased. Life was changed rapidly during this time.

One aspect of life that seemed to stay the same was religion. Like their earlier ancestors, Neolithic man believed in animism. To help them in this world, they would call on spirits to help them. As the societies became more developed, people began to develop more elaborate structures for worshiping. But like their earlier ancestors, Neolithic man believed in the importance of burying their dead and preparing them for the afterlife.