Fowler--Policy Stages by Erin Atwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut For each stage, add important ideas/concepts from the reading, identify who/what influences this stage, or add quotes or questions. One thought per note. Include page numbers when possible or relevant. en-us 2019-10-04 19:42:03 UTC 2021-03-06 16:35:19 UTC hello@padlet.com Think Tanks https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393924946 Who exactly is organizing the think tanks? ]]> 2019-10-05 14:30:34 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393924946 Issue Definition https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393924963 Every society has numerous social problems, but only a few are ever identified as public policy problems.]]> 2019-10-05 14:30:38 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393924963 Agenda Setting erindatwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393924966 Set by powerful politicians such as president, governors and legislators]]> 2019-10-05 14:30:39 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393924966 Policy Adoption erindatwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925112 In public education, rules and regulations are adopted officially by the appropriate body.

]]> 2019-10-05 14:31:18 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925112 Implementation erindatwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925161 The success of this stage depends on motivating educators to implement the new policy and providing them with the necessary resources to do so.

]]> 2019-10-05 14:31:32 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925161 Evaluation erindatwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925251 Policies are evaluated in order to determine if they work as they are intended. Evaluations are conducted by outside consulating firms or by universities or think tanks that do this kind of work

]]> 2019-10-05 14:32:01 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925251 "Ideas, values, and ideologies are extraordinarily important in issue definition; they shape and restrict the interpretations that people are able or willing to give problems, as well as the solutions they are willing to offer." https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925748 2019-10-05 14:34:33 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393925748 Issue Def. https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926346 The most important part of the process.

Heavily influenced by members of EEPRC.

"Intelligent definition of an issue can increase the likelihood of political support, reduce the likelihood of opposition, and shape the policy debate." p. 169

]]> 2019-10-05 14:37:11 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926346 Interests Groups https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926360 Provide information about issues; keep pressure on an issue by writing letters and lobbying]]> 2019-10-05 14:37:14 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926360 Words and Money https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926597  “...in legislatures, policy formulation and adoption are always battles fought on two fronts: words and money” (p. 196). ]]> 2019-10-05 14:38:11 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926597 Agenda Setting https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926651 Multiple agendas - policy, systemic, professional, media, public,& governmental. ]]> 2019-10-05 14:38:29 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926651 Influencing Agendas https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926961 1) moving issue from systemic agenda to governmental agenda
2) keeping an issue on systemic agenda and off governmental agenda]]> 2019-10-05 14:39:27 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393926961 Formation https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927062 Introduction, sponsorship, committee.  Seldom are bills written by author; they usually come from groups wanting the legislation passed. 
 
Before a policy can be adopted formally, it must be expressed in written form.

"...they aggressively lobby legislators or agency administrators who are strangers to them, hoping to somehow influence them. This approach is worse than ineffective..." p. 221

]]> 2019-10-05 14:40:05 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927062 Adoption https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927452 Becomes law when house & senate both approve.  Signed by president, governor, etc.  

]]> 2019-10-05 14:41:50 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927452 Words and Funding https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927659 Separate legislation determines the wording of laws and its funding. Fighting for funding is usually more difficult than the battle for words. These processes play out simultaneously.

]]> 2019-10-05 14:42:48 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927659 Policy Formulation and Adoption https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927680 1) Expressed in written language- statute, rule, or court decision
2) adopt policy language
3) both houses vote and executive signs

]]> 2019-10-05 14:42:53 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927680 Implementation https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927725 Administrators define how/rules for implementation.  May not happen right away.  

"When judges make decisions about the cases they hear, they are playing the crucial role of interpreting laws passed by a lege or the rules developed by an admin agency." p. 214


]]> 2019-10-05 14:43:02 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927725 p. 271 erindatwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927837 "Successful implementation depends on developing and maintaining both the will and the capacity of the intermediaries."

"Educators must be willing"]]> 2019-10-05 14:43:32 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393927837 p. 273 erindatwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928199 Coming up with a policy does not mean that it will be followed--implementations are often failures

Implementation is difficult.
Implementer often lack the knowledge and skills necessary to implement a policy.]]> 2019-10-05 14:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928199 Administrative rules serve... https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928210
  • To fill in gaps in the law
  • Define key terms in the law
  • Provide professional expertise to shape the policy
  • To determine internal procedures
  • Aid in the implementation of new policies
  • To decrease the workload of legislatures. 
]]> 2019-10-05 14:45:15 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928210 Will and capacity https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928600 Will and capacity determines success of implementation.]]> 2019-10-05 14:47:02 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928600 p. 277 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928742 “Many policies--perhaps most--are never really implemented. Among those policies that are not implemented, a watered-down version is often put in place. Sometimes nothing changes at all” (p. 277).

]]> 2019-10-05 14:47:40 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393928742 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929232 Priority setting, especially in smaller districts to determine what policies should be influenced most by educators. USing resources wisely. ]]> 2019-10-05 14:49:53 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929232 p. 296 Successful implementation https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929330 Successful implementations include the following important factors: “(1) monitoring and feedback, (2) ongoing assistance, and (3) coping with problems” (p. 296).

]]> 2019-10-05 14:50:17 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929330 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929378 “Many official policies are never implemented at all, and many others are implemented only partially or incorrectly” (p. 270) ]]> 2019-10-05 14:50:31 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929378 Policy Formation https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929432 language & money are two important factors 
What are the pors and cons to Texas' approach to budgets in legislature]]> 2019-10-05 14:50:44 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929432 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929501 “Successful implementation depends on developing and maintaining both the will and the capacity of the intermediaries.” (p. 271) ]]> 2019-10-05 14:51:04 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929501 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929524 2019-10-05 14:51:10 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929524 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929658
  • Motives for adopting new policy:
    • Do we have good reasons for adopting new policy?
  • Is this policy appropriate for our school or district?
  • Does the policy we are considering have sufficient support among key stakeholders?

    • ]]>     2019-10-05 14:51:39 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929658     Policy Adoption https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929734
  • Rules fill gaps, define key terms and /or define internal procedures 
    • The rules have rules for writing them -p210
    • Federal Rules: Code of Federal Regulations

    • ]]>     2019-10-05 14:51:59 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929734     Evaluation https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929752  Evaluation is political. They can mislead, misrepresent, mask, or inflate information/data because self-interest, financial ties, reputations, and perceived individual/group/organizational or educational benefits. ]]> 2019-10-05 14:52:04 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929752 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929849 “Three factors stand out as predictors of ultimate success: (1) a rough start, (2) pressure by leaders to continue trying the new approach (3) ongoing assistance of various kinds. (p. 295)]]> 2019-10-05 14:52:33 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929849 implementaion https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929883
  • successful implementation:monitoring and feedback, ongoing assistance, coping with problems 
  • why impose policies without interest in whether or not they are truly implemented?

    • ]]>     2019-10-05 14:52:45 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929883     https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929906 “A policy has been fully institutionalized when it has been seamlessly integrated into the routine practices of the school or district.” (p/ 299) ]]> 2019-10-05 14:52:53 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929906 Questions for Evaluation https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929908 How can a leader truly trust an evaluation? How do you sift through the beneficial information/data with the false/misrepresented information? How do you justify your response to an evaluation?

    ]]>     2019-10-05 14:52:53 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393929908     Evaluation https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930141
  • indicator systems - should be holistic 
  • policy eval→ eval, project, program, stakeholder 
  • policy evaluation typically follows the same general procedures (p.313)
  • why would players want to prevent a good evaluation for school leaders? (p.322)

    • ]]>     2019-10-05 14:53:56 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930141     https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930188
  • If there is resistance, you may see these responses:
    • Exit- people leaving
    • Voice- speaking up
    • Disloyalty

    • ]]>     2019-10-05 14:54:06 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930188     Influencing policy https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930308 Who/What are the most influential groups/conferences to attend regarding policy and policy change?

    ]]>     2019-10-05 14:54:45 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930308     https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930407 “Ideology shapes issue definition at least as much as research does” (p. 175)]]> 2019-10-05 14:55:10 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930407 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930524  “School leaders throughout the country should always remember that merely because an issue has been defined at the national level does not mean that  it is final or beyond question. (p. 188) ]]> 2019-10-05 14:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930524 Evaluation erindatwood https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930542 2019-10-05 14:55:43 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930542 p. 19 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930761  “Regardless of whether the new policy originated at the federal, state, or local level, they (school administrators) are expected to develop a plan to carry it out, motivate teachers and others to cooperate, marshal the necessary resources, and provide feedback about the process” (p. 19) ]]> 2019-10-05 14:56:35 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930761 https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930766  Policy formulation and adoption are always battles fought on two fronts: words and money. (p. 196) ]]> 2019-10-05 14:56:36 UTC https://padlet.com/erindatwood/yqsspdev32ut/wish/393930766