Evolved from: Amniotes evolved from amphibian ancestors during the Carboniferous period and further diverged into two groups, namely the sauropsids (including all reptiles and birds) and synapsids (including mammals and extinct ancestors like "pelycosaurs" and therapsids).

Development Adaptation: The adaptations that make amniotes establish life on land are: the presence of rib cage ventilation for efficient air-breathing, internal fertilization, the amniotic egg protecting the embryo, and the skin being waterproof as there is no breathing through the skin.

Evolved from: Amphibians evolved about 365 million years ago from a lobe-finned fish ancestor. As the earliest land vertebrates, amphibians were highly successful for more than 10 0 million years until reptiles took over as the dominant land vertebrates. Amphibians are found throughout the world except in Antar ctica and Greenland.

Developmental Adaptation: The skin thickens as dermal glands develop and the caudal fin is resorbed. Gills are resorbed and gill slits close as lungs develop and branchial (gill) circulation is modified. Eyelids, tongue, and a maxillary bone are formed, and teeth develop on the maxillary and parasphenoid bones.

Evolved from: Fishes were the first animals to evolve on Earth, and the lobe-finned fishes evolved into tetrapods.

Adaptation: Greererpeton were probably aquatic, with an elongated body adapted for swimming.

Evolved from: In fact, like most tetrapods, it evolved from the lobe-finned fishes, which were jawed fishes. they could adapt to a home at the water's edge.

Adaptation: As a way to exploit the oxygen of the Devonian, Hynerpeton had evolved complex lungs. Their lungs were sacks just as a human's. And as such, Hynerpeton breathed as humans do, forcing air in and in order for their blood to absorb more oxygen. Although they could breathe on land, Hynerpeton were still water-bound.

Evolution: The Ichthyostega evolved into the first group of four-limbed animals. This subsequently gave rise to different groups of tetrapods, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Adaptation: Ichthyostega is the earliest vertebrate to show obvious adaptations for non-swimming locomotion. Uniquely among early tetrapods, the presacral vertebral column shows pronounced regionalization of neural arch morphology, suggesting that it was adapted for dorsoventral rather than lateral flexion.

Evolution:

Adaptation: