3L The development of poetry by GIULIANA GALBIATI https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37 Epic Poem, Pagan Elegy, Medieval ballads en-us 2021-10-24 15:58:12 UTC 2025-11-16 17:10:15 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4dc.png giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839501929 2021-10-24 16:01:43 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839501929 the scop celebrated the values of Anglo-Saxon society during ceremonies, festivities and celebrations in the mead-hall giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839505130 2021-10-24 16:03:42 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839505130 The language of Anglo-Saxon poetry is Anglo-Saxon (or Old English). It was formed in a long process of collective memorisation, passed by word of mouth giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839519124 2021-10-24 16:12:38 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839519124 in the 11th and 12th century church clerks started to write down Anglo-Saxon poetry giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839522273 2021-10-24 16:14:43 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839522273 Formal aspects of Anglo-Saxon poetry: stress, alliteration and stock formulae/formulaic phrases (e.g. kenning) giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839525708 2021-10-24 16:17:01 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839525708 stress: each line has four stresses and it is divided into two halves by a break (caesura) giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839529160 2021-10-24 16:18:54 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839529160 alliteration: repetition of the same consonant sound in consecutive or closely connected words giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839532688 2021-10-24 16:20:52 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839532688 kenning: a stock formula/formulaic phrase, a compound expression that is used in place of a name or noun. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839539721 Hronrade is a kenning which stands for... ]]> 2021-10-24 16:25:25 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839539721 Listen to Seamus Heaney, the Irish poet who received the Nobel prize in Literature in 1995, reading his translation of Beowulf into Modern English giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839553507 2021-10-24 16:34:29 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839553507 it is the oldest surviving epic poem in the English language. It is anonymous. It was probably composed (orally) as an elegy for a king who died in the 7th/8th century, but written down in an illuminated manuscript in the 11th century giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839591350 2021-10-24 17:01:27 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839591350 Listen to the opening lines of Beowulf read in its original version (Old English) giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839612205 2021-10-24 17:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839612205 Here you can compare Beowulf in Old and Modern English giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839619893 2021-10-24 17:23:06 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839619893 ἔπος means something spoken: speech, story, song. it is a long narrative poetical composition giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839646589 2021-10-24 17:43:50 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839646589 themes: recollection of a glorious past, exaltation of bravery and deeds of heroes, exaltation of customs and traditions, struggle of good against evil, presence of supernatural creatures, description of an aristocratic and military society, setting in vast lands and far places, common people exist because they are related to the hero. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839647810 2021-10-24 17:44:47 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839647810 The story is narrated through vivid type-scenes: the banquet, the battle, the funeral, the voyage... giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839653231 2021-10-24 17:49:02 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839653231 Leadership of the hero -> the hero is an example for everyone giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839656287 2021-10-24 17:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839656287 The style is elevated, the vocabulary is rich and vivid. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839657140 2021-10-24 17:52:25 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839657140 Lyric poetry became popular, dealing with intense personal emotions, feelings and thoughts about religion, love and nature. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839676248 2021-10-24 18:07:59 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839676248 Sumer is icumen in (mid-13th century) is one of the most renowned examples of medieval lyric accompanied by music giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839749724 2021-10-24 19:05:27 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839749724 Romances were very popular in the Middle Ages. They were tales in verse. They were imported to England from France. They narrated - in verse - tales about chivalry, courtly love, supernatural creatures and magic objects. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839752387 2021-10-24 19:07:42 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839752387 this is the music you have listened to giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839756775 2021-10-24 19:11:32 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839756775 You can watch the trailer of the latest film based on the Arthurian story of Sir Gawain: the legacy of these legends is still powerful giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839759886 2021-10-24 19:14:13 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839759886 they were anonymous and intended for singing and dancing. They were transmitted orally. They were collected in written form in the 18th century giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839762619 2021-10-24 19:16:14 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839762619 Language: simple, with refrains. Narrative outline: a mixture of narration and dialogue. It is not told as a continuous series of events but it is made of rapid flashes. there is a mixture of dialogue and narration. There is no moral aim. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839763216 2021-10-24 19:16:44 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839763216 they are often structured with a stanza with four lines (= a four-lined stanza). the lines often rhyme ABCB. There is a refrain: a repeated line or group of lines. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839767418 2021-10-24 19:20:25 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839767418 giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839774737 2021-10-24 19:26:23 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839774737 Joan Baez giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839777632 2021-10-24 19:27:53 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839777632 Fabrizio De André 1966 giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839779076 2021-10-24 19:29:03 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1839779076 giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841715560 2021-10-25 13:46:06 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841715560 It is an Anglo-Saxon poem, composed - and later written - in England, but set in Scandinavia (the places where Angles, Saxons and Jutes came from) giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841736422 2021-10-25 13:51:52 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841736422 The scop is playing his gomenwudu (the wood which brings joy), a kenning which stands for... giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841768759 2021-10-25 14:00:41 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841768759 Robin Hood is a legendary outlaw hero, protagonist of a series of medieval ballads. Robin Hood was a rebel, and many of the most striking tales about him show him and his companions robbing and killing representatives of authority and giving the gains to the poor. Their most frequent enemy was the Sheriff of Nottingham. Other enemies included wealthy ecclesiastical landowners. Robin treated women, the poor, and people of humble status with courtesy. A good deal of his revolt against authority stemmed from popular resentment over those laws of the forest that restricted hunting rights. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841847824 Read an example of ballad dedicated to Robin Hood ]]> 2021-10-25 14:22:02 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1841847824 Lord Randall arranged, sung and played by an Italian musician giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1875616394 2021-11-08 16:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1875616394 Geordie - questions giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1876143375 2021-11-08 19:26:16 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/1876143375 coexistence of Pagan and Christian elements giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2328037034 2022-10-05 17:43:55 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2328037034 Repetitions + stock formulae = ready made phrases which satisfy the metrical need of a line or half a line + long lists giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2334120145 2022-10-10 19:37:17 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2334120145 the relationship between Beowulf and his thanes is based on loyalty, in a world ruled by fate and destiny giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2334124548 2022-10-10 19:41:25 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2334124548 The most popular source in Britain was the legendary cycle of stories of King Arthur and his knights. The greatest English romance is the anonymous Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (late 14th-century) giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2357346452 2022-10-26 14:04:48 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2357346452 the main sources were the MATTER OF FRANCE, the MATTER OF ROME and THE MATTER OF BRITAIN giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2357350124 2022-10-26 14:06:36 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2357350124 The main aim was to celebrate the feudal system and offer a refined form of entertainment. Minstrels accompanied their performance with musical instruments. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2377461144 2022-11-09 20:07:41 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2377461144 CHIVALRY= the system of behaviour expected of knights, made up of honour, courage, kindness. Later the word came to be used in its general sense of “courtesy", very polite, honest, and kind behaviour, especially by men towards women giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2392663839 2022-11-21 14:11:56 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2392663839 COURTLY LOVE = French amour courtois. A highly conventionalized code that prescribed the behaviour of ladies and their lovers. The courtly lover existed to serve his lady. His love was invariably adulterous (marriage at that time was usually the result of business interest or the seal of a power alliance). Ultimately, the lover saw himself as serving the all-powerful god of love and worshipping his lady-saint. Faithlessness was the mortal sin. giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2392664101 2022-11-21 14:12:07 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2392664101 The Cruel Sister giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2778427057 2023-11-06 17:53:21 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2778427057 The Merciless Lady (1865), Dante Gabriel Rossetti giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2796666903 2023-11-20 16:46:07 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/2796666903 "Heofones candel" is a kenning which stands for... giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/3670461854 2025-11-06 17:54:52 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/3670461854 Stock formula/formulaic phrase: fixed, recurring/repeated phrases used by the poet to refer to a character, to time... to help memorization and to fit the meter (4 stresses in a line): as Achilles was "swift-footed" and Ulysses πολύτροπος ("of twists and turns" or "resourceful"), Beowulf is "the mighty man", "man of God", Hrothgar is "ring-giver", and time passes with "when morning came", "thus he spoke"... giulianagalbiati https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/3675707379 2025-11-10 17:05:26 UTC https://padlet.com/giulianagalbiati/yptx68euc3s77e37/wish/3675707379