Native American Cultures by Hylynn Park

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-07-30 13:21:48 UTC

area consisting of Alaska, Canada, and Iceland

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-03 13:18:59 UTC

physical features: contains taiga forest vegetation

climate: very cold winter, warm and cool summer

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-03 13:22:59 UTC

Dene, Cree, Ojibwe

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-03 14:06:38 UTC

In Dene tribe, they used to hunt by using bows and eat caribou(North American reindeer). They utilized meat, fat, and bones for clothing and housing.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-03 15:15:34 UTC

In general, the peoples of the Subarctic were often nomadic; small family groups lived together. They lived in small, easy-to-move tents to easily move around.

Unique characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-04 13:27:48 UTC

Subarctic people usually have small family structure that are nomadic. They invented toboggan, which is a tool that is to transport goods across snow and ice. In addition, they had clan structure that supported the elder holding the leadership.

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-04 13:42:04 UTC

area including Russia, Canada, Arctic Ocean, and other countries

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-04 13:54:07 UTC

physical features: mostly ocean with glaciers and icebergs

climate: extreme fluctuation over seasons(average temperature in January is -40 celsius while in summer it is 10 celsius

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-04 13:57:36 UTC

Inuit, Aleut, Eskimo

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-04 13:59:19 UTC

They hunted sea mammals such as seals, whales, and otter. They made open fishing boats to catch fishes. One of the people who live in arctic, Eskimos, used the open boats called Umiak.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 09:30:27 UTC

People used sod and timber to make a dome-shaped houses. Since they lived in the cold region, they used ice blocks to make an Igloo: a winter dwelling made out of ice. Because of the cold weather, they have no holes except the entry.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 09:35:15 UTC

They used animals' skins(seals or otter) to make warm and weatherproof clothing. They are not available to farm in the winter but could support vegetation which led many animals(caribous) to come.

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 09:53:18 UTC

area including present-day Canada’s Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River valley

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 09:56:07 UTC

physical features: located in coastal regions, river valleys, and lakes

climate: cold and has heavy snowfall during the winter, cool and wet in the summer

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 09:58:58 UTC

Iroquoian speakers(Erie, Seneca, etc), Algonquian and Shawnee

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:00:26 UTC

They usually hunted fish in the coastal regions. They also grew vegetations such as corn and beans.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:09:12 UTC

They have two common types of houses: wigwams and longhouses. Wigwams are the dome-shaped houses with wooden frame of saplings. Longhouses are large and rectangle shaped houses made out of wooden frames.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:14:00 UTC

They had the powerful political system called Iroquois Confederacy. It includes clan system which is matrilineal(supports lineage and family blood).

They had three sisters agriculture, which is a type of system that vegetated various types of foods such as maize, bean, and squash.

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:17:49 UTC

area including present-day Carolina and Gulf of Mexico

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:25:58 UTC

physical features: located in humid and fertile agricultural region

climate: humid and subtropical climate, hot summer, and snowfalls are rare

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:26:20 UTC

Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Choctaw

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:28:28 UTC

They do vegetation with staple crops such as sunflower, squash and tobacco. They usually gathered vegetables like berries.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:29:57 UTC

People built circular “hot houses” that were covered tight including only entryway and smoke hole. It is cool inside because no sunlight comes in.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:32:11 UTC

Many tribes had hierarchy systems which included chiefdoms, elites and commoners.

They also had hamlets which is a small ceremonial town that sold main crops(maize, beans and etc).

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:35:33 UTC

area including present-day Mississippi River, Rocky Mountains and Canada

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:36:45 UTC

physical features: has a great plain with short grass

climate: hot summer and cold winter, continental climate

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:42:02 UTC

Crow, Blackfeet and Cheyenne

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:54:50 UTC

They had major waterways that contained fertile soil to grow crops such as maize, beans and tobacco. They divided their time with crop production and hunting period.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 10:57:46 UTC

People who are nomadic hunters had common dwelling, Teepee, which included a bison-skin tent with cone shaped top that could be folded up. Thus this housings made nomadic people easy to move.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 11:01:15 UTC

When the white traders came to the plains, they brought commercial goods such as knifes, kettles, and horse.

The Sun Dance, a ritual that required piety and self-sacrifice, was a commonplace religion in plains.

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 11:22:25 UTC

area including present-day Arizona and New Mexico

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-08 11:24:00 UTC

Navajo, Apache and Hopi

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 02:03:43 UTC

physical features: deserts with little precipitation

climate: semitropical

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 02:11:50 UTC

They survived by hunting and gathering. They also plant crops such as corn, bean, and squash.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 13:27:25 UTC

People who lived in the Southeast region used to have the their round houses(Hogans) made out of elements such as mud and bark. They also built Pueblos with adobe and stone masonry because to make the house cool(pueblos do not have much holes that makes the sunlight come into).

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 13:38:19 UTC

They had complex kinship structures. There was a religious belief called Kachina, which is a doll that represents the spirit.

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 13:42:39 UTC

area consisting of present-day Colorado, California and Arizona

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 13:43:18 UTC

area including present-day California and northern Baja

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 13:44:43 UTC

area near Pacific Ocean, including present-day Rocky Mountains

Location

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 13:45:48 UTC

area including two rivers: Fraser and the Columbia, present-day Oregon and Washington

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:00:15 UTC

physical features: surrounded by mountains(bowl-shaped region)

climate: hot in the north, semitropical in the south

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:10:13 UTC

physical features: high plateaus

climate: microenvironment existing(ex. rainforests, wetlands, grasslands)

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:16:34 UTC

physical features: steep and coastal hills

climate: abundance of precipitation, temperate rainforests

Geography and Climate

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:28:52 UTC

physical features: hills, high flatlands and mountains

climate: mild, temperate, surrounding mountains protect from air masses

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:33:45 UTC

Bannock, Paiute and Ute

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:40:43 UTC

Hupa, Yurok and Pomo

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:45:40 UTC

Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian

Major Tribes

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:46:17 UTC

Salish, Flathead and Nez Percé

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:49:04 UTC

Plateau groups did fishing and had terrestrial animals. They supplemented various camas(baby of camel and llama).

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:52:12 UTC

They had reliable sources of fish so they often did fishing for food which included the salmon, sea mammals and shellfish.

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:54:02 UTC

The agriculture only worked in Colorado river. The rest of them did hunting and gathering. The wild plants they gathered was acorn.

Food

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:55:58 UTC

Hunting and gathering were divided as kin-based groups; they usually had beans called piñon nuts for diet.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 14:59:55 UTC

They lived in a common housing called wickiup which is made out of tall sapling. Moreover, they had brush shelter with plain-style tepees.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 15:04:05 UTC

Various types of housing were seen in California because there were diverse climates. They had single-family dwellings with elements of wood to buildings. The house was usually dome or cone shaped.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 15:07:36 UTC

Large rectangular structures of dwellings appeared in Northwest Coast. They were built of timbers or planks. It was large enough to have many members in one house. Those weather-resistant house could be protected from heavy rain.

Type of Housing

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 15:10:46 UTC

A-frame dwellings were used in the high plateaus. Those were covered with grass or canvas. Since people in plateau were semi-nomadic, it could be able to dismantle.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 15:13:50 UTC

They adopted horses and equestrian bison hunting(type of hunting with riding horse).

In addition, they had many material cultures such as digging sticks, basketry, and rock arts.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 17:38:53 UTC

The California peoples were popular of making fine basketry. They did trade fairs with other tribes. Moreover, they also believe the religion called Kuksu and Toloache.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 17:51:59 UTC

They had stone carvings, totem poles, and basketry.

They also did the potlatch: the gifts to affirm or reaffirm social status. They bribed their economical status by doing this ceremony.

Unique Characteristics

hylynnpark — 2024-08-10 18:06:28 UTC

Many people were skilled horsemen with enhanced mobility and hunting capabilities.

There is a formal political system: each of the tribe needed chief, sub chief, and general assembly who voted.