1.  What is informed consent?

agreement or permission for care, treatment, or services. A researcher must get permission from their participants before starting. An important aspect about participants’ decisions to take part or not is the quality of the information they receive about the research. Informed consent means that participants are given enough information to make a fair assessment of the project. 

 

 

 

 

2. Why is it essential?

 

to protect researchers from later accusations provide sufficient information to a potential participant creates trust between doctor and patient or researcher and participint by ensuring good understanding

 

3.     What are the main concerns of the consent process? What are the solutions?

False Expectations and vulnerable people and groups Even when there are no language barriers or religious impediments to hinder the communication relationship between researcher and participant, misunderstanding can still occur due to participants false expectations of the experiment outcome. 

A possible solution to false expectations and vulnerable people and groups could be allowing flexibility 

 

 

4.     Using the lecture notes and other sources answer: Where is the line between an informed consent and coercion? Can you tell that?

 

Informed consent means that participants are given enough information to make a fair assessment of the project. Coersion is Willingness of participants to volunteer may be unduly influenced by the expectation of benefits or rewards. Informed consent they can back out at any time but in coersion if the reward is too small participants may feel taken for granted.However too large a gift and participants may feel pressured into continuing participating in a research study they are unsure of/have changed their mind about.

 

5.      Using the lecture notes and other sources answer: Can you withhold information from your participant or give them false information in order to carry out your research? How far you can go? Search google for covert participant observation’. 

 

deception is not acceptable in human studies. Occasionally, it is necessary to mislead the participants who are subjects of a study in order to obtain unbiased information and example of this would be Covert participant observation where a researcher joining the group they are studying, and in the case of covert observation, the researcher's status is not made known to the group.

 

 

2. Informed consent creates trust between doctor and patient by ensuring good understanding. It also reduces the risk for both patient and doctor. 

3. main concerns: can lead to confusion and hinder，more focused on the regulation than on the objective of using the informed. solutions: welcome to the West and to get their signature on the consent form informed consent should not be used as a sales tactic the goal is to supply can understand to make informed decisions about study participation so and explain the study to potential participants read the study materials carefully and understand the details ask.

4. Informed consent is a process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person. 

Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to act in an involuntary manner by use of intimidation or threats or some other form of pressure or force

The difference between them is that one is voluntary and the other is forced.

5. Implicit participative observation is a method of social science research. Participatory observation is when researchers join the group they are studying, and in the case of covert observation, the status of the researcher is not known by the group. In my opinion, even for the purpose of research, we should not conceal information or provide false information to the subjects, which will put them in danger and have no guarantee. Once they know, they may quit the experiment and interrupt the experiment. In addition, the subjects have no right to know, and such behavior may be illegal.