• This is sound based and does not involve print.

• It is the ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of words and think about larger chunks in words.

• This includes phonemic awareness-the ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds.

• able to recognize words automatically

• able to group words quickly

It is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. It helps to make connections and recognize words and comprehend at the same time.

Necessary for making meaning: background knowledge, vocabulary, language structures, verbal reasoning, and literacy/print knowledge.

Text Types: narrative, informational, and argumentative.

Text Structures: How is the content of an informational text organized and communicated?

• sequence

• compare and contrast

• cause and effect

• problem and solution

• description

• Morphology

• Syntax

• Semantics

Morphology is the internal organization of words.

• words consist of one or more smaller units called morphemes

Syntax is the structure or rules for determining how words can be combined in sentences, clauses, and phrases to express a complete thought

Semantics: aspect of language concerned with meaning.

• Critical part in language comprehension

• Helps students learn to read, express themselves, understand instructions, participate in conversations, and make sense of the world.