Robotics is a stimulating and modern sphere in medical science, that involves many operations and big use of telepresence. The environment of study of telepresence indicates the technologies that allow an individual to sense, as if they were in another location, without being actually there. Robots are used in medicine to execute operations that are regularly performed manually by human beings. 

Although the clinical robotic systems used to date are assistive and lack any real autonomy, this will certainly change with the continuous evolution of technology. As the understanding of how to use robotics in the clinic matures, a deeper understanding of how to create more intelligent, more capable surgical robots will continue to develop.

The advantages to be gained are numerous: a robot's motions can be precisely controlled and constrained through its programming. This results in undeviating trajectories, high accuracies with predictable velocities and accelerations with no overshoot. As expected when dealing with automated processes, the benefits of repeatability and reliability are inherent.

An improvement is also experienced in terms of time. Unlike a human surgeon, a robotic one will not hesitate before each step, contemplating the possible outcomes of the next move. Some might say that this is a disadvantage of robotic surgery, but these outcomes will have been considered and reconsidered by surgeons in the pre operative phase and so do not require further deliberation. 

 The system consists of three main components that work together seamlessly during surgical procedures: the Vision System, which includes a high definition 3D endoscope and a large viewing monitor: the Patientside Cart that contains three or four robotic arms that carry out the surgeon’s commands; and the Surgeon Console, where the surgeon utilizes 3D imagery from the endoscope, as well as hand manipulators with Endowrist instruments (which provide seven degrees of motion, more than a human wrist) to perform the surgery.

Robotic assisted surgery with the da Vinci surgical system allows surgeons to perform complex minimally invasive surgical procedures with precision and accuracy. The system is an advanced robotic platform designed to expand the surgeon’s capabilities and offer an option to open surgery. The procedures performed are for a wide range of conditions in specialties including cardiac, urologic, gynecologic, pediatric and general surgery.  

First of all, there is always the possibility of errors happening as total safety is a fallacy. Robots are programmed by humans who in turn are not infallible and are prone to make mistakes. In the case of robotic surgery a fault could have serious health injuries or death. Thus, the probability of errors must be kept at a very low level and in the case of a malfunction the system must be programmed to shut down immediately. Afterwards, the surgeon will have to take over complete the operation manually. So, it is obvious that the presence of a human doctor is mandatory and critical.

There are many things that can go wrong which experts must take under serious consideration. Some problems resulting in system failures can be flawed design of the system, malfunction of software and hardware or misinterpretation and inadequate specification. In order to eliminate the possibility of errors, mechanics must undergo “heavy” testing and reasoning about infinite scenarios. Also surgeons must prepare the robotic system cautiously so as not to forget anything which can backfire. 

Robotic technology will bring major changes in surgery by enhancing and expanding laparoscopic procedures, advancing surgical technology and thus bringing surgery into the digital age. Not to mention, it possesses the potential to expand surgical treatment beyond the limits of human ability. The benefits of robotic surgery outweigh the costs.