• To an extent, wealth also contributes to exposure to pollutants, with low income families of various backgrounds at greater risk than higher income families. However, research suggests that the association between environmental hazards and race is stronger than that between environmental hazards and wealth. This makes environmental inequality primarily a racial issue.

• The research found that the burden was 35% higher for people living in poverty in general and 28% higher for People of Color. Black people, specifically, had a burden level 54% greater than that of the overall population (Environmental Racism).

-While these communities produce far less pollution than White Americans, they suffer from its effects disproportionately. The particulate-matter pollution they face has been linked to health impacts such as asthma, respiratory illness, lung disease and heart ailments that have made people of color more at risk of hospitalization and death during the coronavirus pandemic (Fears, Darryl).

"One thing the Navajo Nation has done is that it's worked collaboratively with different entities like nonprofits, other universities and some government agencies," she said (Turning Tide). 

Those collabs were increased quickly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted Native American communities at rates nearly 19 percent higher than other racial and ethnic groups. Although the efforts are a good start, they are the tip of the iceberg when comes to addressing environmental injustices in Native communities.

-http://www.energyjustice.net/files/coal/Air_of_Injustice.pdf -air of injustice (secondary) - published report and compilation of accounts that several black environmental justice groups and scientists collaborated on to highlight realities of environmental racism

-https://tcf.org/content/commentary/environmental-racism-left-black-communities-especially-vulnerable-covid-19/?session=1 (secondary)

-Environmental Racism Has Left Black Communities Especially Vulnerable to COVID-19

-https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/environmental-racism (tertiary)

• The proximity of Communities of Color to hazardous environments is a systemic issue that affects civil rights. This is because it is easier and cheaper for policies and practices to place industrial facilities in communities where there are fewer resources to fight back with.

• To an extent, wealth also contributes to exposure to pollutants, with low income families of any ethnicity at greater risk than higher income families. However, research suggests that the association between environmental hazards and race is stronger than that between environmental hazards and wealth. This makes environmental inequality primarily a racial issue.

• The research found that the burden was 35% higher for people living in poverty in general and 28% higher for People of Color. Black people, specifically, had a burden level 54% greater than that of the overall population

-https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304297 (secondary)

-study on disparities of emissions based on poverty and race

-https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/environmental-justice-timeline (secondary)

 - how did the environmental justice movement emerge?

-timeline of environmental justice

-https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html (tertiary)

-impacts of climate injustice on Indigenous communities - the UN

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3132626 - published 2001 (secondary)

-Environmental Justice in the 21st Century: Race Still Matters

https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2017/nrs_2017_grove_001.pdf 

-Redlining and Environmental Justice:

-https://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526655831/a-forgotten-history-of-how-the-u-s-government-segregated-america