https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9 Use resources from your textbook as well as websites to create a comprehensive overview of your assigned City-State. For each subsection make sure you provide details, context, and important figures, etc... en-us 2023-04-26 16:50:17 UTC 2023-04-28 19:09:07 UTC hello@padlet.com juliepace https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2569093960 2023-04-26 16:50:17 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2569093960 juliepace https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2569093962 2023-04-26 16:50:17 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2569093962 juliepace https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2569104450 2023-04-26 16:57:52 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2569104450 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572102105 2023-04-28 17:54:45 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572102105 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572105046 Arguably the most important aspect of Athens was its development of democracy, the oldest example that we know to date. However, it was not a true democracy because only male citizens -the δέμοσ(dēmos)- had equal political rights, freedom of speech, and the opportunity to participate directly in the political arena, leaving out most notably women, slaves, and foreign residents called μετοικοι(metoikoi). Additionally, Athenian democracy differs from our own to its use of direct democracy. In ancient Athens, every citizens was responsible for making and voting for decisions that govern their lives, which differs from our system of representative democracy where we elect representatives to vote and legislation for us.  

]]> 2023-04-28 17:57:58 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572105046 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572108058 In 621 B.C. an Athenian aristocrat named Draco was pressured to create Athens' first law code. The code was harsh, and is the origin of the word draconian. It embodied the ideal that the law belonged to the people, but the aristocracy still governed Athens oppressively, and the economic situation remained dire. Small farmers and artisans were forced into economic dependence, families were sold into slavery to settle debts, and others were exiled as their land was mortgaged to the rich.]]> 2023-04-28 18:01:13 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572108058 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572110088 2023-04-28 18:03:26 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572110088 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572113564 2023-04-28 18:06:58 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572113564 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572116629 The main legistlative organ of Athens was its assembly or έκκλησία(ekklēsia). All male citizens were allowed to participate in the assembly, which met at least on Pnyx Hill at least once per month. All citizens were allowed to speak to the assembly by simply raising their hands. The majority won and their decisions was always final. Additionally, the assembly elected nine presidents or πρόεδροι(proedroi), who served only one term. Their role was to organise the meetings and assess the voting. The assembly legislated on a variety of issues such as financial and military magistrates, organsation and management of food stores, legislative and political trials, sending envoys, signing of treaties, raising and spending of funds, and military matters. One of the most important privileges to citizens and aspects of debate was that of free speech or παρρησία(parrhesia). After discussion decrees or ψέφισματα(psēphismata) were made and laws or νομοι(nomoi) were defined. Lastly, the assembly was responsible for making sure that decisions were enforced and officials were doing their duties.]]> 2023-04-28 18:10:16 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572116629 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572116692 To decide the name of the city a myth states that, Poseidon struck a rock with his trident, and as water came forth, he told the people that now they would never suffer drought. Next Athena dropped  a seed into the earth which sprouted  as an olive tree. Citizens of the city thought that the olive tree was more valuable. So, the city was named Athens after Athena. 

This myth was used to justify the patriarchal society that was formed. Women were blamed for choosing Athena over Poseidon. Hence, placing the wrath of Poseidon on Athens. To protect Athens from the wrath of Poseidon, women's names were not recorded on birth records. Women were also denied a political, and civil voice. However, they were given a voice in religious participation.]]> 2023-04-28 18:10:21 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572116692 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572117101 In 594 B.C. an aristocrat named Solon was elected archon, chief magistrate of the polis, and given great power for reform. Stolon freed all people enslaved over debt, brought back everyone who was exiled, canceled all the debts on land, as well as slavery because of debt illegal. He let non-nobles into aristocratic assemblies, allowing them to vote in the election of magistrates. Later leaders broadened opportunities for commoners, turning Athens into a democracy.]]> 2023-04-28 18:10:48 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572117101 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572117292 Some of the most well known architectural achievements took place in Athens, and mythology had a huge impact on both architecture and art as a whole. In 580 BCE, a temple called the Hecatompedon was built to Athena (built where the Parthenon would later be) and it was decorated with sculpture in colored limestone. Lions bringing down buildings and snakes were placed in the angles. Earlier in 530 BCE, a peripteral temple (which means there were rows of columns on all sides) was also in honor of Athena. This temple has a marble sculpture representing battles between gods and giants. This temple along with five other structures decorated in marble turned the Acropolis into a sanctuary. One of the most important figures in athenian culture was Athena, and a famous homage to her came in the form of the temple of Athena Nike.



]]> 2023-04-28 18:10:59 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572117292 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572128968 -Three broad periods(in order)
       - the Helladic period of the Bronze age
       - the Hellenic period of the Greek "Dark Age" 
       - the Hellenistic period

- The Hellenic
       - Greeks developed a distinctive form of city-state(known as the polis)
       - made lasting cultural achievements

- The Hellenistic 
       - Macedonian and Greek armies defeat the Persian Empire
       - built new cities and kingdoms

- Legend of the Start
       - A contest between the gods to determine who would win the honor of having the land named after them
                 - Poseidon struck a rock with his trident, and as water gushed forth, he assured the people that now they would never suffer drought
                 - Athena dropped a seed that sprouted an olive tree
       - People though the olive tree was more valuable than the water
- thats how Athens got its name]]> 2023-04-28 18:23:11 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572128968 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572130307 Some of the most well known pieces of literature have also come from Greece, most notably Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, written in 8th century BCE. The Iliad depicts the Trojan war, an important moment in greek and roman history, whereas the Odyssey is a classic hero's journey following Odysseus, one of the heroes in the Trojan War. Both of these stories, especially the Odyssey, connect with greek mythology as well, which showcases a common thread in Athenian art and culture. ]]> 2023-04-28 18:24:40 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572130307 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572140621 Every polis maintained a considerable military force and culture of militarism.  
Athens was involved in many wars with the Persians. During the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE the Persian military was defeated losing thousands of soldiers. Athens achieved this feat because of their general Miltiades's brilliant tactics. At the time the Persian Military was viewed as invincible and the Athenians victory gave them a high opinion of themselves. Later the Athenian Military obtained another victory against the Persian's at the Battle of Salamis and the battles of Plataea and Mycale in 479 BCE, and this drove the Persians out of Greece establishing Athens as an influential power. Afterwards Pericles (a leader of Athens) and the Athenians created the Delian League with the goal to make a cohesive Greek network among city-states to hinder further Persian attacks. The other city-states paid into the treasury of the Delian League and in return Athens would protect them against Persian attacks. However, the Athenians turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and reduced their once allies into the status of subjects. ]]> 2023-04-28 18:35:30 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572140621 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572141258 Athens is well known for it's great minds such as Socrates, Herodotus, and Hippocrates. 
 Socrates is known as the father of western philosophy. He was a sculptor who was told by an Oracle at Delphi, that he was the wisest man in the world. In efforts to prove the Oracle wrong. Socrates began questioned those who were considered wise. By doing this he ended up proving the Oracle right. Socrates was the wisest man because he never claimed to know everything. 
Herodotus is considered to be the father of history, and he resided in Athens. Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine and is known for writing a large number of ancient treatises, speeches, and letters on medicine, to as the Hippocratic Corpus ]]> 2023-04-28 18:36:15 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572141258 https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572161974 The council known as the boulē was responsible for determining the topics discussed in the assembly and had the power to make decisions in times of crisis and war without convening the assembly. Comprised of 500 citizens who were chosen by lot, the boulē served for a year and could not serve for more than two non-consecutive years. Representing the 139 districts of Attica, the boulē acted as an executive committee of the assembly, supervising administrative committees and officials. Additionally, there was an executive committee of the boulē consisting of 50 citizens, known as πρυτάνεις(prytaneis), elected on a rotating basis from the ten tribes participating in the boulē. The executive committee of the boulē had a chairman, called the ἐπιστάτης(epistates), who was chosen by lot each day. The prytany would meet in the Βουλευτήριον(Bouleuterion) in the Athenian αγορά(agora) and safeguarded the sacred treasuries.]]> 2023-04-28 18:58:58 UTC https://padlet.com/juliepace/yl35cel1lgc3phl9/wish/2572161974