Neuroscience Article Review by Megan Crump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg en-us 2021-06-07 21:21:38 UTC 2021-06-27 20:43:09 UTC hello@padlet.com Overview mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162301 "The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord and is the body's central mechanism for control of voluntary behavior (e.g. thinking, acting). The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary activities, such as those involved in digestion, respiration, and blood circulation" (Schunk, 2020). Each of these systems are intertwined. 

The text goes on to explain that the physical makeup of the brain. The spinal cord is an extension of the brain  and carries signals to and from the brain. "The CNS is composed of billions of cells in the brain and spinal cord. There are two major types of cells: neurons and glial cells" (Schunk, 2020). 

The major brain structures include the cerebral cortex: used for learning and memory, the brain stem and reticular formation "that regulates control of basic bodily functions, the "cerebellum at the back of the brain regulates body balance, muscular control, movement and body posture" (Schunk, 2020). It also includes the thalamus and hypothalamus sending signals from most sense organs to the cortex, the amygdala: control of the emotion and aggression, hippocampus: short term memory,  and the corpus callosum dividing the brain. The occipital lobes for processing visual information, parietal lobes "responsible for the sense of touch", the temporal lobes "responsible for processing auditory information", the frontal lobes which are responsible for processing "information relating to memory, planning, decision making, goal setting and creativity" as well as regulating muscular movements. 

Each part of the brain has a different function as noted above. The "left hemisphere governs the right visual field and side of the body and the right hemisphere regulates the left visual field and side of the body" (Schunk, 2020). Language is mostly controlled by the left hemisphere as well as analytical thinking, positive emotions, and facial recognition. The right hemisphere provides spatial, auditory, negative emotions and artistic processes as well as music, directionality, and interpreting contexts. The text goes on to explain that "the hemispheres work in concert; information is available to both of them at all time. Speech offers a good example. If you are having a conversation with a friend, is is your left hemisphere that allows you to produce speech but your right hemisphere that provides the context and helps you comprehend meaning" (Schunk, 2020). 
Due to many investigations of the brain, we understand the brain now more than ever. Advances in technology have benefited brain research. "There are ordered roughly from least to most sophisticated: x-ray, CAT scan, EEG, PET Scan, MRI and fMRI, and NIR-OT" (Schunk, 2020).]]> 2021-06-07 21:42:44 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162301 Overview mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162383 "Brain processing during learning is complex" (Schunk, 2020). Students' information processing system are still developing. Brain research has helped to identify differences in processes such as ADHD. A key concept of the cognitive function is executive functioning - "which includes a group of activities, helps to manage the individual's goal attainment" (Schunk, 2020).
Memory Networks
  • Hebb's Theory - neurophysiological theory of learning between two cortical structures: cell assemblies and phase sequences
  • Neural Connections - how learning occurs and memories are made
  • Language Learning 
]]> 2021-06-07 21:42:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162383 Overview mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162456 Influential Factors
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Stimulation
  • Nutrition
  • Steroids
  • Teratogens
Phases of Development
The brain grows in size and structure through prenatal development, birth, infants, young children and then as the child develops. "By the age of 5 years, the child's brain has acquired a language and developed sensory motor skills and other competencies" (Schunk, 2020). While the brain is still developing, it is no longer developing as rapid as it was in the beginning.
Sensitive Periods, Language Development, and Influence of Technology
]]> 2021-06-07 21:42:52 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162456 Overview mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162545 Motivation
  • Rewards
  • Motivational States - "Complex neural connections that include emotions, cognitions, and behaviors" (Schunk, 2020). Motivational states are ever changing and adapting. 
Emotions
"Emotions are considered to be integral parts of learning and memory" (Schunk, 2020). They play a role in enhancing learning but also in stress. Emotions can help direct attention. 
]]> 2021-06-07 21:42:57 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162545 Overview mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162638 Brain Research vs. Learning Theories

]]> 2021-06-07 21:43:01 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162638 Video mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162930 Khan Academy - Parts of the Brain
About the Brain - kids

Human Brain: Major Structures and their Functions

]]> 2021-06-07 21:43:13 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591162930 Video mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163009 Neurophysiology of Learning]]> 2021-06-07 21:43:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163009 Video mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163073 First Things First

Stress and Your Brain Development]]> 2021-06-07 21:43:20 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163073 Video mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163171 Motivations and Emotions]]> 2021-06-07 21:43:25 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163171 Video mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163224 Brain Training

Brain Myths

]]> 2021-06-07 21:43:28 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163224 Strategies/Techniques mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163404
  • left brain vs right brain
  • learning through the senses
    • ]]>     2021-06-07 21:43:37 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163404     Strategies/Techniques mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163553
  • hands on learning
  • learning through the senses
  • memorization
    • ]]>     2021-06-07 21:43:44 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163553     Strategies/Techniques mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163698
  • age appropriate teaching
  • fine motor skills
  • scaffolded learning
    • ]]>     2021-06-07 21:43:52 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163698     Strategies/Techniques mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163901
  • Zones of Regulation
  • PBIS - positive rewards
    • ]]>     2021-06-07 21:44:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591163901     Strategies/Techniques mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164096
  • early education and interventions
  • diagnosed learning difficulties
    • ]]>     2021-06-07 21:44:09 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164096     More Articles mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164449 Brain Structure and Honor

    How is the Brain Organized?]]>     2021-06-07 21:44:26 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164449     More Articles mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164544 The Science of Learning

    The Neurophysiology of Learning]]>     2021-06-07 21:44:32 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164544     More Articles mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164634 Early Brain Development and Health]]> 2021-06-07 21:44:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164634 More Articles mdcrump https://padlet.com/mdcrump/yk8enh2jya7mzzkg/wish/1591164725 Evolving Concepts of Motivation and Emotions

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    De-Bunking Brain Myths

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