B3 - Latinx American Context Timeline by Charan Morris https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62 Each student contributes something important! en-us 2022-02-19 17:34:59 UTC 2024-03-08 18:38:03 UTC hello@padlet.com 1965-1975 - Cesar Chavez (Charan) cmorris73 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2056689160 Video link: https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/americon-vid-cesar-chavez/video/
Migrant farm workers in the United States were exploited routinely by the agricultural industry, which forced them to work in unsafe conditions for little pay. They had no political representation or advocates until Cesar Chavez established the United Farm Workers, the first successful union for farm laborers. Chavez was able to successfully organize a movement among some of America’s poorest and most oppressed workers. He organized a march on Sacramento in 1966, called for a national boycott of California table grapes in 1968, and went on a hunger strike in 1968, continuing the practice of non-violent protest. In 1970, the growers finally recognized the United Farm Workers union and signed labor contracts with the union.
Source link: https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/americon-lp-cesar-chavez/lesson-plan/
]]> 2022-02-19 17:39:05 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2056689160 1956-1976 - Reies Tijerina (Sincere) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2069919156 Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-ToKFiKP-8

   Reies Tijerina the "King Tiger" was given this name from 1956 to 1976 for his work as being an civil rights activist who led a land-great movement in Northern New Mexico. Tijerina was the Malcolm X of the Chicano movement and helped organize hundreds of Chicanos to demand repatriation of land confiscated by Anglo surveyors in violation of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. During the 60s he was able to gain international attention which helped expand his campaign against discrimination, demanding, first-class citizenship, economic opportunity, and being able to speak Spanish and obtain Chicano culture. After being accused as the getaway driver in a failed attempt to free his brother from jail his family and some followers fled to New Mexico in 1957. Just two years later Tijerina had joined families who lost their lands in the 1800s. The Mexican Government tried to force U.S. compliance with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Although they were extremely unsuccessful that appeal served as a catalyst for Tijerina’s interest in land grants and the injustice he perceived in the historical dispossession of Chicanos and Latinos. For the rest of the 60s he began to make a name for himself as being a civil rights leader for Chicanos and Latinos but in 1970 he was sentenced to federal prison in La Tuna, Texas, in 1970 for his involvement in the courthouse raid and was later transferred to a mental hospital in Springfield, Missouri. La Alianza declined during his incarceration, and Tijerina was prohibited from holding any leadership position in the organization under the terms of his release in 1971. Tijerina continued to be involved with social justice, but his religiously based ideals became increasingly anti-Semitic and had alienated many of his supporters. Tijerina had then moved to Central Mexico in 1994 to continue to live his life after his New Mexico home burned in a fire. For many years mainly in the 60s Tijerina was one of the many Latinos to make mistakes but he never let what he did in the past effect the way he treated his people and the way he believes every human should be equal.

Source Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Reies-Lopez-Tijerina]]> 2022-02-28 17:15:03 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2069919156 Juan Rodríguez-First New Yorker 1614-1640 jorgeb20 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2069919563 Video Link:https://janos.nyc
Manhattan's first non-indigenous resident. Of Afro-Latinx/European dissent, he grew up in Santo Domingo and boarded Captain Thijl Mossel's Jonge Tobias and headed towards as it was known before, Mannahata. When he arrived he competed with the Lenape Fur Dutch traders already there and took over the Metropolitan Area. He then until 1640 believed to have took of off with a Lenape women and went to Upper Mannhata. He then went Uptown when the Lenape were chased out by hostility and disease and was joined by other Spanish Negroes

]]> 2022-02-28 17:15:14 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2069919563 The Zoot Suit Riots (Jun 3, 1943 – Jun 8, 1943) (Melanie) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2069920403 Video Link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkJA6e1CzK4 
 The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of violent conflicts that occurred on June 3rd 1943 - June 8th, 1943 in Los Angeles, California. U.S servicemen ambushed people of color, removing their 'Countercultural' clothing and inflicting harm towards them. These attacks did not only take place in LA, as similar attacks occurred in other big cities such as New York,Toronto,Detroit,San Diego,etc; The Zoot Suit featured a unique style, consisting of 'high-waisted and tightly cuffed pleated pants, along with shoulder-padded, knee-length jackets' (Along with some accessories as well). This Black American style became an influence to the Mexican American Community, grabbing the attention from Civil Rights activist Cesar Chavez. Chavez wrote, "we needed a lot of guts to wear those pants, and we had to be rebellious to do it because the police and a few of the older people would harass us." Since the Zoot style was the most visual aspect of the vogue for jazz music, dance, and a symbol of pride of outsiderness, the Mexican American pachuco (Hispanic and Latino American men and women who dressed in Zoot suits or Zoot suit-influenced attire) subculture had made the Zoot their representation, but officials in Southern California opposed to this, viewing the outfit as a sign of gang activity. The Zoot suit provided Mexican-Americans a sense of their identity within their culture and community, as they discovered the symbolic meaning through the movement and dress, making the Zoot Suit a cultural expression of what it meant to be Mexican-American.

Source Link:
https://penntoday.upenn.edu/2011-04-07/research/zoot-suit-all-american-fashion-changed-history
]]> 2022-02-28 17:15:41 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2069920403 1967- The Mexican American Youth Organization (Araseli) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2072690447 The Mexican American Youth Organization  is a civil rights organization formed in 1967 in San Antonio, Texas, USA to fight for Mexican-American rights. They were aiming for social justice.  Activism among Mexican-American university students in the mid-1960s grew out of such events as the 1965 Crusade for Justice in Denver, Colorado, and the June 1967 takeover of the Tierra Amarilla County Courthouse in New Mexico., MAYO members set up a political study group and consulted with civil-rights leaders in San Antonio. MAYO identified and addressed three needs of Mexican American-economic independence, local control of education, and political strength and unity through the formation of a third party. The organization publicly protested the poverty and injustice faced by some Hispanics, denouncing incidents of exclusive employment policies and police brutality.
source link: https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mexican-american-youth-organization]]> 2022-03-02 02:38:27 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2072690447 1960's-Early 1970's - Rodolfo Gonzales (Hiram) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2072696943 video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DFQgId6mDA

Gonzales was a leader of the Chicano Movement during the 60's and 70's. He was also a boxer at the time and people referred to him as the "fist" of the movement. As a child, he lost his mother at a young age and as he grew older, helped his dad in the sugar beets field. His father described him as having an energetic personality, giving him the nickname 'Corky'. When he became an adult, he spent his time helping out poor Chicano's but was unable to run successfully for political offices. Gonzales founded the organization Crusade for Justice in 1966 in an effort to offer benefits such as job training, a food bank, and a bilingual school for children that encouraged cultural pride. At a Denver High School in 1969 a teacher had used racist language but was not fired for it. Rodolfo helped the students organize a walkout because the school had chosen to keep that teacher employed. Gonzalez continued to lead protests or marches for the equality of Chicano, African Americans, whites, Native Americans, and Hispanic Americans and was a strong figure among those who followed him.

Source Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rodolfo-Gonzales]]> 2022-03-02 02:42:43 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2072696943 2013 - 2015 (WAAD) We Are All Dominican (Adrianna) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2073984751 WAAD is an organization that formed October 2013. It's a group of young community members and university students have created with scholars, educators, and NYC community activists to criticize the Constitutional Court of the Dominican Republic for violating basic human rights and denying tens of thousands, and in some cases hundreds of thousands, of Dominicans from Haiti. WAAD recognizes these relations and tries to educate and empower Dominicans in order to reverse the pattern. In order to create transnational solidarity, WAAD intends to engage more Dominicans in a bigger, multi-ethnic, cross-class conversation about denationalization, human rights violations, and racism. As Dominican-Americans and allies, they try to make a greater effort to engage in dialogue with their families, friends, and co-workers to discuss the common structural racism underlying the Dominican government’s discriminatory policies and injustices faced in the United States.



]]> 2022-03-02 16:54:55 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2073984751 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1846-1848(Brayan) brayand20 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074016481  The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was the treaty created to stop the war between Mexico and the USA over a dispute on which side Texas belongs too. On 1845 president Polk sent troops and diplomat John Slidell to Mexico to renegotiate boundary readjustment and to purchase California and New Mexico, president Polk was brave to send troops to Mexico even though he knew their could be a war. The mission failed and Mexico saw the renegotiation as a advance. Mexico enter US soil and the war started on 1846. The war lasted for two year with the United states of America winning and Mexico surrendering and peace negotiation's were started. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave the USA "525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern boundary. In return, the United States paid Mexico $15 million and agreed to settle all claims of U.S. citizens against Mexico".


]]> 2022-03-02 17:10:44 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074016481 Community Association of Progressive Dominicans (Juleini) juleinim201 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074064738 The Community Association of Progressive Dominicans also known as the ACDP was first founded in 1979 . It was later incorporated in 1980 as the first non-profit to focus Its attention on Dominican immigrants in New York City . This organization was made to aid immigrants physically , emotionally and economically . They offer high quality programs with direct service to about 27,000 children and families a year .  ]]> 2022-03-02 17:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074064738 1938-1942 - Dominican WW2 Veterans (Destiny) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074070616 In the picture above you could see an image of a WW2 Dominican veteran. Dominican WW2 veterans took in Jewish refugees fleeing hitler during the Holocaust, in exchange for developed land. Around 700 German Jews were able to make to to the Dominican Republic. There they were provided with shelter, food, and everything to keep them safe. They were seen as a savior to these people.  Dominican WW2 veterans are honored for their help towards German Jewish people during the holocaust. Many colleges have made memorials honoring the WW2 Veterans 
https://theworld.org/stories/2018-11-09/dominican-republic-took-jewish-refugees-fleeing-hitler-while-31-nations-looked


https://www.bxtimes.com/dominican-vets-memorial-unveiled-at-bx-community-college/


]]> 2022-03-02 17:37:43 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074070616 1916-1918 Marcelino Serna (Jorge Rodriguez) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074089597 Serna has been called the most decorated World War I soldier from Texas. He fought between April 6, 1917, and Nov. 11, 1918, despite being a Mexican immigrant and non-citizen.

There have been earlier petitions for him to be awarded the honor, but now the law mandates review of cases like his.the Pentagon to review records of Latino, Black, Asian, Native American and Jewish World War I soldiers to determine if they were denied the Medal of Honor because of their race or religion and should be awarded the medal.




]]> 2022-03-02 17:47:31 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074089597 William C. Velásquez (Kevin C) 1974-1988 kevinc20 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074098653 The SVREP effectively challenged political establishments by convincing Hispanics that the key to political representation was to register to vote. As the Voting Rights Act caught hold in the Southwest, Velasquez’s SVREP registered millions of Hispanics in 13 states.  this was huge and gave political empowerment among The Latino and other minorities.

source link:
https://wcvi.org/wcvbio.htm

]]> 2022-03-02 17:52:18 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074098653 1980-Present - Committee in Solidarity with the Salvadoran People (Sofia Maza) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074105971 https://cispes.org/section/history-cispes

Committee in Solidarity with the Salvadoran People is a National activist organization which it's headquarters is based in Washington D.C. The Committee in Solidarity with the Salvadoran People was created in opposition to the U.S. aid to the Salvadorian Military and government during the Salvadorian civil war. Its overall purpose was to help protect El Salvador and it's people. ]]> 2022-03-02 17:54:11 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074105971 1967-1978 Alicia Escalante (Sydnee Valentin) alisonv201 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074109763 As a single mother of 5, she was in poverty and began to realize that the Welfare system is oppressive since women who seek out these services weren't treated with respect. This inspired her to get involved with the Chicano movement and then form the East LA Welfare Rights Organization in 1967.]]> 2022-03-02 17:55:42 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074109763 1965-present | The Chicano Movement (Nancy) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074110886 The Chicano Movement—aka El Movimiento—was a civil rights and empowerment movement by Mexican-descent people in the United States. 'Chicano' signaled a rejection of a Mexican American identity that accepted assimilation and shunned their cultural roots. The movement was led by influential people like César Chávez, Dolores Huerta, and the farmworkers to establish a union for farmworkers.]]> 2022-03-02 17:56:18 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074110886 1966 - 1975 || Women and The Chicana Movement (Shannon) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074114587 Source: https://www.historycolorado.org/story/colorado-voices/2019/06/12/chicana-power-female-leaders-el-movimiento-and-search-identity

The Chicana Movement started in the late 1960s, it started at the same time as other movements and they all had the same goals such as civil rights for POC. The movement was centered around women trying to establish their culture, social and political identity in America. Since they were heavily underrepresented in America. The term Chicana means a women who embraces her Mexican culture but also puts out the fact that she is also an American. They were excluded from feminist movements and other acts revolving that, they later got their recognition and was able to see more women in places of power or politics. ]]> 2022-03-02 17:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074114587 Puerto Rican Socialist Party- 1959 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074118652 The Puerto Rican Socialist Party was a Marxist political party in Puerto Rico seeking Independence and putting an end to the United states control on the Hispanic and Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. It was a movement and symbolization of pro-independence greatly influenced by the Cuban Revolution.]]> 2022-03-02 18:00:27 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074118652 1493-1898 Puerto Rican Independence Movement (Gisel) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074476593 The Puerto Rican movement was an important event that not many people know about.Puerto Rico was originally a Spanish colony but the united states got in the way by calming it as their territory so they can manage to kick Spain out.Puerto Rico were bombed badly and affected them because there island is so small that anyone can easily take advantage of it which become a big problem.It was so bad that Puerto Rico decided that the best decision was to move to the united states because they were financially better off there.Throughout this time there was lot of bonds going on which became a big issue towards Puerto Rico cause a big military base were testing these bombs out and they flew by Puerto Rico which caused the Puerto Rican movement to be destroyed.

Source Link:
https://theanalysis.news/puerto-rican-independence-movement-and-cuba-further-radicalized-me-michael-ratner-on-rai-pt-5-7 /   ]]> 2022-03-02 21:58:19 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2074476593 La Matanza 1910-1920 (Amy G) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2075159661 In the year 1910 Mexicans fled to Texas in search of safety from the Mexican-American War. In Texas, White people would discriminate Mexican and Mexican-Americans. In 1915, an unknown Mexican rebel who's intentions was to start a race war planned "The Plan of San Diego" which required of bandits hurting people for supplies, money and weapons. The government then sent White Taxes Rangers and other law enforcement to capture any bandits. But they wasn't only killing bandits, they started indiscriminately killing innocent Mexicans. In september 1915, 2 men had reported a crime of stolen horses and supplies to Henry Randsome who is a Taxes ranger from their area. Henry hears their story and then proceeds to kill them. It didn't matter if they were involved with the bandits, they were getting killed for simply being Mexicans. In 1918, the Porvenir Massacre occurred. It involved of the Texas Rangers going to the Porvenir village and killing 15 Mexicans. This made the Mexicans flee from that village (some back to Mexico to bury their dead). A few days after the Massacre the village was demolished.  La Matanza (The slaughter) lasted 10 years, from 1910 - 1920.

Video Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=815kHJJ0p00]]> 2022-03-03 05:51:29 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2075159661 Puerto Rican independence movement 1493-1898 (Taylor) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2078129355 The movement toward puerto rican independence has been a long fought battle against colonialism. In 1898 following the spanish-american war,the united states acquired many of the spanish terriories. leaders in puerto rico sought independence, but the us government asserted colonial control.

]]> 2022-03-04 15:31:54 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2078129355 1965-1970 The Delano Grape Strike and Boycott (Jeniah) https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2084923901 Moving with the seasons in order to harvest the region's crops. Filipino and Mexican immigrants had worked for decades along the West Coast. They were aging and grew anxious for the need of decent medical care and retirement funds. Labor organizer, Larry Itliong, declared a strike on September 8th and reached out for the support of the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) and their Mexican- American founders, Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta. The poor farmers faced opposition from aw enforcement and attempts of sabotage from growers. Three years into the strike frustration grew and the talk of violence increased and that's when Cesar Chavez decided to go on a hunger strike. Not only did the hunger strike end the talk of violence but it got the attention and praise from popular figures such as Martin Luther King Jr and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. The strike lasted five years and in the end, in July 1970, most of major growers in the Delano area agreed to paying $1.80 an hour and an additional 20 cents for each box picked. They contributed to the union health plan and ensured that the workers were protected against pesticides used in the fields. 

Source Link: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/delano-grape-strike-begins-ufw]]> 2022-03-08 22:12:46 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2084923901 The first New Yorker, Juan Rodriguez (1613-1640)-Katrina Harvin https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2087329324 Juan Rodrguez, a Dominican, was the first non-Indian to live alone on Manhattan Island. On the Jonge Tobias, the Dutch ship that transported him there in the spring of 1613 and have been smuggling on the Hispaniola coast with his assistance, he was known as Jan Rodrigues. After a season of dealing for beaver pelts, the Santo Domingo native refused to board the ship as it prepared to leave Manhattan for Holland. He seemed to have made friends with the locals and preferred to stay with them. Captain Thijs Mossel of the Jonge Tobias, who had obviously found Rodrguez a bothersome presence aboard his ship, let him have his way and gave him a variety of items in exchange for his wages. ]]> 2022-03-10 02:11:58 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2087329324 Juan Rodriguez- The first New Yorker 1614-1640 (Fiona) fionap201 https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2092148269 Juan Rodriguez was the first non-indigenous resident with European and Afro Latinx decent. Juan grew in in Hispaniola and his mother was African American and his father was either Spanish or Portuguese. Juan's occupation was smuggling and during a deal with the Lenape people in Manhattan in 1613 he decided he wanted to be left behind instead of returning home so the captain provided him with the tools and supply's he needed and got from the trade. But Juan later became a source of conflict after he provided Mossel with a connection to the Lenape people it enraged their rivals the Dutch Traders. After Block’s ship burned by mistake in 1614, the native population saved his crew from starvation, and Block became a booster for investment in New Amsterdam. Later on in time Rodriguez was joined by other  “uptown Spanish Negroes". 


]]> 2022-03-13 08:52:30 UTC https://padlet.com/cmorris73/yk13drduycvd3j62/wish/2092148269