This can be supported using Adaptive Decision-Maker Framework. It’s decision making strategies may be preferred when people are trying to avoid negative emotions associated with difficult choices. This helps apply to multi attributes and multi-alternatives. If a girl were to choose a dating partner with 4 options, she would be looking for the one with the attributes her ideal partner would have. 

This was firstly proposed by Payne, Bettman and Johnson (1993). Proposed propositions, where people possess a toolbox of strategies that may be used in thinking and decision making tasks so they may use different strategies in different situations. Also proposed a strategy selection that was guided by 4 meta goals: WADD (giving a score of 1-5 in terms of attributes, in the end the highest score would be chosen), LEX (you would choose the most important strategy, attribute then see which one has the highest number), SAT (refers to making the best decision by achieving/fulfilling the minimum requirement instead of choosing best option) and Elimination by aspects

Albarracin et al (2001) conducted a meta-analysis of theory of planned behaviour and theory of reasoned action through condom use. Through these behavioural predictors of how many times people use condoms, it can be used to prevent HIV and STD epidemics. He fit both theories into the data set and estimated the predictive validity of the models. From this, Albarracin found that both theory of planned behaviour and theory of reasoned action successfully predicted condom use, the average correlation between intention and behaviour was 0.51. The intention-behaviour relationship was seen to be weaker for behaviours assessed prospectively compared to behaviours assessed retrospectively. The intention to use condoms appeared to derive from attitudes, subjective norms as well as perceived behavioural control- the three factors that are considered in the theories. Additionally, Godin and Kok (1996) explain to what extent the theory of planned behaviour can predict health-related behaviours. They carried out a systematic review of existing evidence on the theory, they used 56 research studies and established overall average correlations between; intention and attitudes being 0.4, intention and perceived social norms being 0.3, intention and perceived behavioural control being 0.4 and lastly intention and behaviour which was 0.4. It was deduced that the first three variables explained 30-45% in behavioural intention, so we can see how the theory of planned behaviour can explain around a third of variations in health-related behaviours. Overall, the theory of planned behaviour model provides a decent explanation of the observed variations. 

The function of thinking is to be able to modify information when received, we are able to break down information into lesser parts (analyse), bring different pieces of information together (synthesis), and relate certain pieces of information to certain categories (categorisation). While Decision making is a cognitive process that involves selecting one of the possible beliefs or actions, in other words choosing between alternatives. This process closely links to thinking as we have to analyse before we choose.
 
One model has been attempted to describe the way we think and how it affects our decision making. This model is the Normative model which assumes that there is unlimited time and resources available to make a decision. The model is able to define what is right and wrong, correct and incorrect, effective and ineffective.  This model of thinking is formal logic which was developed by Aristotle. It consists of a deductive syllogism: a combination of two premises and a conclusion. There is also a set of rules that describes when syllogisms are valid and when they are not. One example of this model put to use would be. Premise 1, all men are moral. Premise 2, all Greeks are men. We can therefore come to the conclusion that all greeks are mortal. This model of logic helps us get an insight to how humans think and decide.

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An example of a descriptive model would be the Theory of Planned Behaviour. This theory is a further developed form of the theory of reasoned action, which was proposed by Martin Fishbein in 1967. The model tries to explain the relationship between attitudes and behaviours when making choices, focusing around the idea of behavioural intention. The model claims the factors, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control play a role in behavioural intention, which later influences their future behaviour. Whether or not a person tries to carry out an action or certain behaviour, it will depend on what we expect the outcome to be. For example, subjective norms describe societal views and perspective on their intention or behaviour. Depending on the person’s situation the factor which they will regard as most important will vary. 

Ajzen and Fishbein (1973) conducted a meta-analysis of published research provided evidence for the theory of planned behaviour, claiming that there is a 0.63 correlation between intentions and behaviour.

Behavioural intention is a predisposition caused by the belief that a particular behaviour will lead to a particular (desired) outcome. This is determined by 3 subjective beliefs: subject norms (one's perception of what is socially acceptable), attitude (positive/ negative perception of behaviour) and perceived behavioural control (whether it is something consciously controllable). In other words, according to TPB, if you believe a particular behaviour is socially acceptable, is something that can be achieved and your perception of the behaviour is positive, this would form a behavioural intention, which greatly increases your chances of performing a particular action. 

One study that assesses the quality of TPB is Albarracin et al (2001), which is a meta-analysis of TPB as a model of condom use. The meta-analysis is performed through 96 data sets from 42 published and unpublished articles, where a single correlational matrix is formed to determine the predictive validity of TPB. Results from the study show that correlation between intention and behaviour is 0.51, and there is a significant correlation between behavioural intentions with subjective norms, attitude and perceived behavioural control. This is in accordance with TPB, as the only correlations observed should be between subjective beliefs and behavioural intentions, due to the one way nature of which TPB describes the thinking process. This shows that people are more likely to use condoms if there is an intention to do so, and such intentions appear to be derived from attitude, social norms and perceived behavioural control. 

By measuring patterns of correlation of corresponding variables, one can quantify the extent of which observed correlational data matches theoretical predictions. This is expressed as the model’s predictive validity, which is a way to access the quality of a model. The study by Albarracin et al confirms the predictive validity of TPB in the context of condom use, and through its sophisticated correlational analysis, serves to increase our confidence in the theory of planned behaviour as a model of thinking and decision making. 

The Adaptive decision framework (ADMF) proposed by Payne, Bettman and Johnson puts forward the idea that every human has a few strategies that they turn to before making a decision. These involve the Weighted additive strategy (WADD), Lexicographic strategy (LEX), Satisficing strategy (SAT) and elimination by aspects (EBA). WADD is the maximizing strategy and calculates the weighted sum. This strategy involves taking into account every attribute that is available. LEX in contrast only takes into account the most important attribute and ignoring all the others which in some cases does reduce the accuracy. SAT has a cut-off point for each attribute and the decision is made from all of the cut of points. EBA involves choosing the most important attribute and getting rid of all the other attributes that are not satisfactory. These four strategies can be divided into two groups: attribute-based (LEX and EBA) and alternative based (WADD and SAT). The only difference is that alternative based are more emotionally demanding. By showing that the ADMF has multiple strategies when it comes to decision making shows how decision making has to go through the process of going through each strategy. 

This is shown through the study Luce, Bettman and Payne (1997) which hypothesized that negative emotion will result in decision-makers to evaluate their decisions to a larger extent. The results from this study showed that in high emotion group, people spent a longer time making the decision and opened more cells in the table which shows that they were trying to avoid negative emotions and chose strategies that save them from making decisions that were emotionally difficult. 

This model of thinking and decision making suggests that  individuals have a toolbox of strategies to use in different decision-making situations which require a choice of several approaches compared to several qualities and are as follows. Weighted addictive strategy- WADD, you have to calculate the weighted sum of attributes for each alternative and pick the alternative with the highest weighted sum. It is alternative-based and requires significant effort as you have to calculate the “utility of choice”. Lexicographic strategy-LEX is where you choose the most important attribute and the option with the best value on this attribute. It is attribute based but even though this strategy excludes a lot of important attributes, it is shown that in different conditions this strategy does come in helpful. It is not the most accurate out of all the strategies but is the least time-consuming. Satisfying strategy- SAT This alternative based strategy Identifies a cut-off point for each attribute and considers an alternative that meets the cut-off points for all attributes. And finally Elimination by aspects- EBA is when you choose the most important attribute and delete options that can not fulfil the attribute criteria. You usually then choose the second most important attribute and delete more options-Continue until only one choice is left. 

Depending on which strategy is chosen, several factors come into play. Firstly maximising decision accuracy. Weighted addictive strategy would best suit this as it focuses on maximising the accuracy of the decision and thinks about all possible attributes to all possible options. Lexicographic strategy would best fit minimising cognitive effort because it is the most time-efficient. Minimising experience of negative emotion would be the Lexicographic strategy or Elimination by aspects as they avoid alternative-based strategies. And finally maximising ease of justification would be Satisfying strategy  and Elimination by aspects but it all depends on the context.