Place: Austria

Composer: Joseph Haydn

#1 Classical Period

#2 Tempo is Allegretto

#3 Sudden dynamic changes

Place: New York, NY, USA

Composer: Pauline Oliveros

#1 Post-modern period

#2 Unique performance as there was no written music

#3 A Spiritual exercise rather than a composed piece

Place: the piece was premiered in Vienna, Beethoven is from Germany

Composer: Ludwig Van Beethoven

#1 Dynamic Contrasts

#2 Fate Motif

#3 Classical period

Place: Houston, Texas, USA

Writer/Performer: Beyoncé

#1 Expressive function, communicates the emotion of love

#2 Changes in dynamics to express different emotions through her voice

#3 Reggae influence, use of syncopation

Place: Karlsruhe, Germany

Composer: Johannes Brahms

#1 Romantic period

#2 Emotions such as passion and triumph are expressed through the piece

#3 Dynamic changes to help express emotion

Place: Rome, Italy

Composer: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

#1 Renaissance

#2 Clear and transparent polyphony

#3 Referential function, the piece reflects traditional Renaissance sacred music of the time period

Place: Munich, Germany

Composer: Richard Wagner

#1 Romantic period

#2 Leitmotif

#3 Wide dynamic range

Place: France

Composer: Erik Satie

#1 Romantic period

#2 Simple Ternary form

#3 Slow rhythm with a flowing quality

Place: New York, NY, USA

Composer: George Gershwin

#1 Modern Period

#2 Syncopation used similarly to jazz

#3 Complex and layered texture

Place: London, UK

Composer: John Williams

#1 Post-modern period

#2 conveys the mystical feeling of the StarWars story

#3 These two pieces are some of the most iconic and memorable pieces ever composed

Place: USA

Composer: Aaron Copland

#1 Modern period

#2 Rhythm is used to create a calm feeling

#3 Social function, contributing to the image of Western society in modern ages.

Place: New York, NY, USA

Composer: Lin-Manuel Miranda

#1 Post-modern period

#2 Social function, helps communicate different issues and challenges of the history on which the musical is based.

#3 Use of syncopation by the vocals to create a feeling reminiscent of a rap song

Place: New York, NY, USA

Writers: Lin-Manuel Miranda

#1 Post-modern period

#2 Social function, connected to the conversation on immigrants, especially in the United States

#3 The song is made in a rap fashion to connect with a larger audience

Place: Chicago, IL, USA

Writer: Chance The Rapper

#1 Post-modern period

#2 Social function, communicates religious themes

#3 R&B influence

Place: France

Composer: Anonymous

#1 syncopation of vocals

#2 monophonic

#3 Free rhythm

Place: Germany

Composer: Hildegard of Bingen

#1 Social function, the piece participates in communal worship

#2 Free rhythm

#3 Harmony focuses on the linear progression of vocal lines

Place: Italy

Composer: Claudio Monteverdi

#1 Baroque period

#2 Flowing and flexible rhythms

#3 polyphonic

Place: Mantua, Italy

Composer: Salamone Rossi

#1 Baroque period

#2

#3

Place: Bali, Indonesia

Composer: Traditional and Wayan Gandra, respectively

#1 Traditional Balinese Gamelan music

#2 Polyphony created by many percussive instruments

#3 The music helps communicate the emotion of the dances that are associated with each piece

Place: Ghana

Performers: Postal Workers at the University of Ghana

#1 Syncopation

#2 Polyphony with the whistling and stamping

#3 A free rhythm which can change at any time as it is mostly improvised

Place: South India

Composer: Traditional and Sri Ponniah Pillai, Respectively

#1 slow and flowing rhythm

#2 creates a calm feeling through the soft dynamics

#3 repetitive form to help create the calm feeling

Place: Northern Canada

Composer: Traditional

#1 Entertainment function, engaging rhythmic patterns create a source of entertainment for Inuit communities

#2 monophonic

#3 very unique rhythm created by singing with the throat

Place: Canada

Composer: Tanya Tagaq

#1 Artistic innovation, The piece takes roots from Inuit throat singing and modern music elements to create an experimental piece

#2 free flowing form

#3 Unique sound produced by throat singing to create a unique timbre

Place: USA

Composer: N/A

#1 Modern Period

#2 Rhythm created by clapping rather than a percussive instrument

#3 Activism function, communicates the struggle of segregation in America in the 20th century

Place: USA

Writers and performers: Charles Tindley and Pete Seeger

#1 Modern Period

#2 Social Commentary, addresses the struggles and inequalities of the time

#3 Activism function, empowers those fighting for social justice

Place: USA

Performer: Nina Simone

#1 Modern Period

#2 Social Commentary, addresses the poor treatment of African Americans

#3 Activism function, empowers those fighting for social justice

Place: USA

Composer: James Browne

#1 Modern Period

#2 Collective identity, helps unite people who are after the same goal of creating a more fair society.

#3 Activism function, empowers those fighting for social justice

Place: Brazil

Composers: Enslaved Africans

#1 Many percussive elements

#2 Expression of culture in Brazil

#3 Can be connected to rituals and ceremonies in Brazilian culture

Place: Central African Republic

Composer: The BaAka Forest People

#1 A steady rhythm

#2 Environmental connection, the connection of the BaAka forest people to the rainforest

#3 Syncopation

Place: Central African Republic

Composer: The BaAka Forest People

#1 Polyphonic

#2 Unique harmony

#3 Syncopation