https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa en-us 2022-11-08 18:22:30 UTC 2026-02-27 02:36:01 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f62e.png 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375564769 Transcendentalism was an intellectual movement started by young Unitarian (those who did not believe in the Holy Trinity) ministers. These young men were inspired by ideas of romanticism like human passion and straying from rational ways of thinking. Transcendentalism stressed intuition and belief in one's own self rather than in God or the church. ]]> 2022-11-08 19:10:10 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375564769 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375581383 The transcendentalist movement (1830-1860), led primarily by Ralph Waldo Emerson, stressed individual thought, self-discovery, and separation from social norms. As a result, art and literature that reflected accounts of transcendent discovery were produced that encouraged people (like women) to question norms and want change.]]> 2022-11-08 19:21:20 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375581383 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375582302 Ralph Waldo Emerson was a leader of the Transcendentalism movement. Emerson denounced organized religion and encouraged people to instead embark on their own transcendent discoveries. He published these beliefs in essays and spoke in lectures that influenced many.]]> 2022-11-08 19:22:01 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375582302 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375583245 Henry David Thoreau, influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson's lectures, built and lived in a cabin in Massachusetts for two years. In his publication, Walden, or Life in the Woods, Thoreau wrote about his experience of being isolated from society and stressed individualism and independent thinking. ]]> 2022-11-08 19:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375583245 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375583549 Leaves of Grass was a collection of poems published in 1855 by Walt Whitman, who was also influenced by Emerson. Whitman was an educator, writer, and publicist for the Democratic Party. In Leaves of Grass, Whitman celebrates his own self and democracy. ]]> 2022-11-08 19:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375583549 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375810820 2022-11-08 23:15:14 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375810820 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375811663 Many Utopian societies were established across America from 1820-1860 by people who craved different societies. These were largely radical, differing in their philosophies and gender norms. Some communities continue to have a presence in America today with the most notable being Mormons and Oneida Silverware. ]]> 2022-11-08 23:16:28 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375811663 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375977721 The Shakers (United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing) emerged in the late 1700s when Ann Lee Stanley had a vision that she was the incarnation of Christ. Called Mother Ann, Stanley gradually grew a following of people and moved to America from England. The Shakers supported shared property, practice celibacy, and did not engage in drugs, politics, and war. In the successful communities the Shakers built, both men and women held positions of power in the community government. ]]> 2022-11-09 01:42:40 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2375977721 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377541752 Oneidians were followers of John Humphrey Noyes who settled in the Oneida settlement in New York. Noyes' beliefs were reflective of perfectionism, the belief that Christ already returned to earth and people should now focus on living as perfectly as they could. Those in this community practiced complex marriage (all community members were married to one another). The Oneida community is now a silverware company. ]]> 2022-11-09 21:22:51 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377541752 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377558592 Communities (~100) were established throughout America and functioned based on Fourierist socialism. Fourierist socialism aimed to eliminated capitalism. In the communities, members (men and women would share responsibilities) would cooperate to sustain their phalanxes. ]]> 2022-11-09 21:41:27 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377558592 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377560819 2022-11-09 21:44:21 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377560819 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377562336 Mormons, led by Joseph Smith in New York and Brigham Young in Utah, faced constant persecution for their practice of polygamy. Mormonism remains concentrated in Utah today and exists as one of the fastest growing religions in the United States. ]]> 2022-11-09 21:46:03 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2377562336 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378357643 Brigham Young was Joseph Smith's main disciple of Mormonism. Young led the Mormons westward out of the United States, in present-day Utah and served as its first governor. Young ruled authoritatively and was resistant towards federal law. ]]> 2022-11-10 10:08:37 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378357643 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378366304 The Mormon Trail was the trek Brigham Young led Mormons to from New York. The Mormons fled when Joseph Smith Jr., the founder of Mormonism, was killed in prison by anti-Mormon mobs angered by Smith's advocacy for polygamy. Young and the Mormons settled in the Great Salt Lake Valley in what is now Utah. ]]> 2022-11-10 10:15:43 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378366304 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378367289 2022-11-10 10:16:39 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378367289 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378383224 After the United States gained possession of the Salt Lake region from Mexico, Mormons yet again faced prosecution from Protestants who disapproved of their polygamous relationships. Through federal law under President James Buchanan, this practice continued to remain controversial with polygamy even being officially banned in 1896 (though not enforced). ]]> 2022-11-10 10:30:03 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378383224 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378404534 In 1879, the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed the First Amendment to see if polygamy was protected. Influenced by Jefferson's writings, the Supreme Court decided that polygamy would not be protected. Polygamists would face various punishments and restrictions like the inability to vote or hold office. Women were also allowed to testify against their husbands if suspected of polygamy. ]]> 2022-11-10 10:44:38 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378404534 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378411852 As the urban population grew, so did urban culture that consisted of commercial sex, alcohol, and minstrelsy. Social and moral reform soon took place that urged people not to engage in such actions. Many of these reform societies were led by women. ]]> 2022-11-10 10:51:23 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378411852 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378432219 In 1830, white actors began putting on blackface and acted out routines. The material for these routines were largely racist and offensive, but also commented on society. Shows like these became popular as the urban population sought local entertainment.]]> 2022-11-10 11:10:02 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378432219 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378447259 In the 1800s, people began engaging in commercialized sex, with 6,000 women engaged in 1855. Many men, even married or pastors, bought sex and visited brothels, which increased to 500 by 1850. Especially among young men, being sexually active with many women before finding an ideal mate was common. ]]> 2022-11-10 11:23:21 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378447259 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378453786 The Female Moral Reform Society was formed by middle class women from New York in 1834. These women scorned sexual promiscuity from men, urged women to stray from prosecution, and aimed to protect single women from corruption. As the organization grew and grew, the women visited brothels and founded refuges for prostitutes. ]]> 2022-11-10 11:29:14 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378453786 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378463656 During the 1820s and 1830s, drinking had reached a new level and posed a threat, especially to wage workers. The temperance movement saw social reform (of which women often led as guides) as people engaged in group confession, prayer, and pledges. By 1845, alcohol consumption decreased from 5 to 2 gallons per person.]]> 2022-11-10 11:37:53 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378463656 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378470774 2022-11-10 11:43:44 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378470774 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378477151 The growing number of immigrants in the cities of America resulted in nativist movements. The formation of gangs and the stigma surrounding immigrants would continue to pose a problem later in American society. ]]> 2022-11-10 11:49:04 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378477151 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378517172 By 1850, the German and Irish had grown to be a major part of the population of New York. German food and culture became an important part of New York's culture. The Irish became highly involved in the American Catholic Church and the Democratic Party. ]]> 2022-11-10 12:22:24 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378517172 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378937213 In response to the growing German and Irish presence in New York, native New Yorkers started a nativist movement. Gangs of B'hoys attacked Irish youth on the streets. B'hoys, also called Bowery boys, were young men in the working middle class.  At night, the Bowery Boy would stroll the streets of Bowery with greased hair with his Bowery Gal (g'hal). ]]> 2022-11-10 16:38:38 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378937213 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378942606 The Know Nothing Party was an nativist party formed in 1851. It ideals drew from anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movements. It competed with the Republican Party during this time and was able to take control of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. ]]> 2022-11-10 16:41:48 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378942606 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378954058 2022-11-10 16:48:52 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378954058 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378961906 The Women's Rights movement was kick-started in 1848 by the Seneca Falls Convention. Its main leaders were Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B. Anthony. These women led the cause for equality for women in multiple aspects of society like politics, family, jobs, education, and religion. Although their vision would not be seen until the 20th century, these women's efforts brought the issue gender equality to light.]]> 2022-11-10 16:54:18 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378961906 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378978772 The Seneca Falls Convention was held in 1848 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. It was attended by 68 women and 32 men. This set a powerful precedent and showed the growing concern for women's rights. ]]> 2022-11-10 17:06:19 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378978772 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378981068 At the Seneca Falls Convention, the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments was signed that outlined the injustices against women and declared women's equality in politics, family, jobs, religion, and education. Inspired by the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration of Sentiments stated "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal". ]]> 2022-11-10 17:07:44 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378981068 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378988008 Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a daughter of a well-known New York judge. Due to her background, she was well-educated and was an early abolitionist. Stanton wrote the Declaration of Sentiments and presented it at the Seneca Falls Convention that she along with Lucretia Mott organized. Stanton worked closely with Susan B. Anthony after meeting her in 1851. ]]> 2022-11-10 17:11:38 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378988008 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378997130 Lucretia Mott was raised a Quaker and attended a Quaker boarding school where she was given an education. Mott was an early abolitionist and later focused on advocating for women's rights when she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the World Anti-Slavery Convention in 1840. ]]> 2022-11-10 17:17:02 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2378997130 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379002346 2022-11-10 17:20:25 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379002346 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379144957 The mid-1800s was also characterized by education, prison, and public health reforms. The number of institutions were increased and were made to function with better quality. ]]> 2022-11-10 19:00:39 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379144957 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379145702 Horace Mann, the secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, led a movement for the improvement of education through the establishing of elementary schools and reforming of teaching methods. Many women across the nation supported this movement. ]]> 2022-11-10 19:01:11 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379145702 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379145960 Dorothea Dix was an essential reformer for education and public health institutions. She was of strong moral character due to her upbringing by an emotionally abusive alcoholic as her father. With the money she gained from her well-off Bostonian grandparents, Dix set up charity schools and ushered for the establishment and improvement of asylums and hospitals.

]]> 2022-11-10 19:01:23 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379145960 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379146447 The 2nd Great Awakening marked a revival of Christianity that resulted in a majority of the American people being religious. This increase caused people to review society and initiate reform movements like abolitionism and temperance to improve society.]]> 2022-11-10 19:01:45 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379146447 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379146654 Revivals of religion that characterized the 2nd Great Awakening began in 1790s. Religious camp meetings attracted many people, religious and non-religious, from all over the nation. Methodists and Baptists churches expanded greatly and other denominations increased gradually. Religion was also spread to African American slaves and they soon began adapting Protestant teachings to their own needs. ]]> 2022-11-10 19:01:54 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379146654 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379146944 Evangelicalism was a in Protestant Christianity that stressed salvation through conversion, repentance of sin, and adherence to scripture; it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual. ]]> 2022-11-10 19:02:09 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379146944 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379147157 Charles Finney was a Presbyterian minister who contributed significantly to the progress of the 2nd Great Awakening. Through his preachings that reached all kinds of people—poor and rich—he was able to get people to promise to work hard and stop drinking. Finney emphasized God and religion as making people morally free. ]]> 2022-11-10 19:02:19 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379147157 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379181707 2022-11-10 19:27:46 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2379181707 1051202 https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2380732150 2022-11-12 00:51:26 UTC https://padlet.com/1051202/yha8vlytjcnb9zpa/wish/2380732150