DISCOURSE MARKERS by Cesar G2

What are discourse markers?

cesarg2filho2000 — 2021-07-27 23:14:44 UTC

•These are all words, phrases or expressions, especially conjunctions, adverbs and prepositions, which print a significant mark on the text, directing the course of the period or of the text itself.
•They harbor diverse notions, linking ideas and establishing cohesion between them.

Contrast

cesarg2filho2000 — 2021-07-27 23:16:14 UTC

• But/ However/ Nevertheless/ Yet --> MAS
Examples:

It was a sunny day, but the wind was cold.
They live together yet they seldom see each other.
It’s been sunny today, however I think it’s going to rain tomorrow.
There was little chance of success; nevertheless they decided to perform the surgery.

• Despite/ In spite of --> APESAR DE
Examples:

In spite of having a bad teacher, the students all did well on their test.
Despite the law, people continue to use mobile phones while driving.

• Rather than/ Instead of --> AO INVÉS DE
Examples:

Paul took a english course rather than spanish.

Instead of staying home i went out last night.

• Although/ Though/ Even though/ Even if --> EMBORA
Examples:

I am going hiking and camping this weekend although I hate camping.
Her friend never showed up though she waited for almost an hour.
We decided to just stay at home even though I got ready to go.
Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train.

Condition

maryfigueiredooliveira — 2021-07-29 15:27:04 UTC

• If/ In case/ Unless --> SE
Examples:

If you want so we can leave imediately.
In case you are in pain, you should go to the hospital.
He won't pass the exam unless he studies.

• Provided that/ As long as--> DESDE QUE
Examples:

Provided that you wake up early, you won't be late.
We'll swim as long as it does not rain.

• Otherwise/ Or else/ On the contrary --> DO CONTRÁRIO
Examples:

He needs to clean his room otherwise, he won't be allowed to have his friends come over.
We should leave now or else we won't arrive in time.
I need to study harder, on the contrary I will not reach my goals.

• On condition that--> CONTANTO QUE
Example:

They spoke to the cops on condition that they would not be called as witnesses.

Simultaneity

maryfigueiredooliveira — 2021-07-30 21:52:55 UTC

While/ When/ As --> ENQUANTO

Examples:

While I was watching a movie, I fell sleep.
The concert started when I was grabbing some food.
They left as we were arriving to the mall.

Meanwhile/ Meantime--> ENQUANTO ISSO

Examples:

There is people becoming rich. Meanwhile part of the population is suffering with poverty.
In the meantime between the classes, I studied for the test.

Purpose

luanfelipevr16 — 2021-07-30 21:53:17 UTC

In order to/ So as to --> AFIM DE;

Examples:
I'm going to Brazil in order to visit my family.
I went to the post office so as to buy some stamps.

So --> ENTÃO, ASSIM;

Examples:
He was lazy so he didn't study well.
She was sick so they took him to hospital.

So that --> PARA QUE, POR ISSO, DE TAL MODO QUE;

Examples:
I shall calculate so that failure is impossible.
Let's go to the cinema early so that we can get good seats.

RESEARCH SOURCES

maryfigueiredooliveira — 2021-07-30 22:25:03 UTC

https://www.sk.com.br/sk-conn-words-of-connection-conectivos-do-ingles.html
https://www.englishcurrent.com/grammar/difference-meanwhile-meantime/
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/
https://youtu.be/4-3M3PmUSZg
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meanwhile#note-1
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/conjunctions-causes-reasons-results-and-purpose
http://livresaber.sead.ufscar.br:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1452/1/Marcadores%20discursivos_Rita%20Barbirato.pdf
http://www.conhecer.org.br/download/INGLES%20INTERMEDIARIO/APROFUNDAMENTO%20-%20CONJUNCTIONS.pdf
https://josefaanunciada.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/discourse-markers-in-english/

Addition

samumaral — 2021-07-30 23:41:56 UTC

Also / Too --> TAMBÉM

Examples:
Peter is a photographer and also writes books.
She is a valued colleague and a great friend too.

And --> E

Examples:
There’s still a tendency to see the issues in black and white.

As well as --> ASSIM COMO

Examples:
John, Jack and Sam are coming as well as our friends from Boston.

Both --> AMBOS, AMBAS

Examples:
The water level on both sides should be even.
Both options are equally good.

Besides / in addition to / moreover / what is more / plus --> ALÉM DISSO, ALÉM DE, O QUE MAIS, MAIS

Examples:
Besides being a writer, she is also an attorney.
In addition to its food, Japan is famous for its culture.
The source of the information is irrelevant. Moreover, the information need not be confidential.
What is more, it is the consumer who has to

bear the costs of receiving and reading the advertisements.
Our salespeople get a fixed salary plus a commission.

CONDITION

2021-07-31 15:44:30 UTC

If/ In case/ Unless --> SE

Examples:

If you study hard, for sure you will pass the exam.
I can take you home unless you prefer to stay here.

Provided that/ as long as --> DESDE QUE

Examples:

They will win the game as long as they play better.
Provided that you get a job you'll earn money.

Otherwise/ or else/ on the contrary --> DO CONTRÁRIO

Examples:

I want my TV repaired now, otherwise i'll sue you.
You should wear a jacket or else you'll get cold.

Unless --> A NÃO SER QUE

Examples:

Unless you drive more carafully, youwill have an accident.

Result

2021-07-31 15:58:33 UTC

Then/ so/ thus/ therefore --> ENTÃO

Examples:

I was feeling bad, then I decided to stay in bed.
There's nothing to do, so you can leave now.

(More formal) - He was the eldest son, and thus, heir to the title.
(More formal) - She is only seventeen and therefore not eligible to vote.