Hall of fame by https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku The greatest scientists en-us 2018-01-02 14:48:25 UTC 2025-03-14 04:42:51 UTC hello@padlet.com 1632-1723 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218328003 2018-01-02 14:57:48 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218328003 He was a dutch merchant and became a great scientist VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218328303 2018-01-02 14:59:00 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218328303 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218328642 Van Leeuwenhoek is best known for his pioneering work in the field of microscopy and for his contributions toward the establishment of microbiology as a scientific discipline.]]> 2018-01-02 15:00:26 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218328642 Using his handcrafted microscopes , he was the first to observe and describe microorganisms, which he originally referred to as animalcules. It is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218329951 He made more than 350 microscopes]]> 2018-01-02 15:05:35 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218329951 1843 – 1910 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218330944 2018-01-02 15:09:35 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218330944 He was a German physician and a pionner in bacteriology. He identified the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and gave experimental support for the concept of infectious disease, VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218331283 2018-01-02 15:10:46 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218331283 Koch investigate how to Isolate and cultivate bacterial cultures VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218332187 2018-01-02 15:14:01 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218332187 Robert Koch became interested in tuberculosis research. in 1880. He was convinced that the disease was caused by a bacterium and was infectious, and tested his four postulates using guinea pigs.Through these experiments, he found that his experiments with tuberculosis satisfied all four of his postulates. In 1882, he published his findings on tuberculosis, in which he reported the causative agent of the disease to be the slow-growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its importance as a means of detecting a present or past tubercular state was recognized later (see tuberculin test) VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218333035 2018-01-02 15:17:13 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218333035 Mycobacterium tuberculosis causal agent of tuberculosis is also called Bacillus of Koch VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218335469 2018-01-02 15:27:11 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218335469 1905, Koch won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work with tuberculosis VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218336786 2018-01-02 15:34:03 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218336786 1822 – 1895 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218399544 2018-01-02 20:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218399544 He was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218399673 He  is popularly known as the "father of microbiology"]]> 2018-01-02 20:29:29 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218399673 Pasteur produced the first vaccine for rabies by growing the virus in rabbits, and then weakening it by drying the affected nerve tissue. The rabies vaccine was initially created by Emile Roux, a French doctor and a colleague of Pasteur, who had produced a killed vaccine using this method. The vaccine had been tested in 50 dogs before its first human trial. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218400070 2018-01-02 20:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218400070 This vaccine was used on 9-year-old Joseph Meister, on July 6, 1885, after the boy was badly mauled by a rabid dog. This was done at some personal risk for Pasteur, since he was not a licensed physician and could have faced prosecution for treating the boy. After consulting with physicians, he decided to go ahead with the treatment. Over 11 days, Meister received 13 inoculations, each inoculation using viruses that had been weakened for a shorter period of time. Three months later he examined Meister and found that he was in good health.Pasteur was hailed as a hero and the legal matter was not pursued. Analysis of his laboratory notebooks shows that In 1886, he treated 350 people, of which only one developed rabies.[92] The treatment's success laid the foundations for the manufacture of many other vaccines. The first of the Pasteur Institutes was also built on the basis of this achievement. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218400251 2018-01-02 20:34:23 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218400251 Pasteur was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1853, promoted to Officer in 1863, to Commander in 1868, to Grand Officer in 1878 and made a Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor in 1881 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218401000 2018-01-02 20:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218401000 1867 – 1934 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218401130 2018-01-02 20:42:05 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218401130 She was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402055 2018-01-02 20:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402055 Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity, techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402176 2018-01-02 20:52:03 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402176 Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion. A material containing such unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402458 2018-01-02 20:55:07 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402458 She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402740 2018-01-02 20:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218402740 There are many types of microscopes, and they may be grouped in different ways. The most common microscope (and the first to be invented) is the optical microscope, which uses light to pass through a sample to produce an image. Other major types of microscopes are the fluorescence microscope, the electron microscope (both, the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the various types of scanning probe microscopes. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218474953 2018-01-03 13:17:32 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218474953 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218477419 Transmission electron microscope]]> 2018-01-03 13:25:33 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218477419 1868 – 1943 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218478043 2018-01-03 13:28:19 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218478043 He was an Austrian biologist and physician and immunologist. He distinguished the main blood groups in 1900, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218478397 2018-01-03 13:29:49 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218478397 Karl Landsteiner found out that the blood of two people under contact agglutinates, and in 1901 he found that this effect was due to contact of blood with blood serum. As a result, he succeeded in identifying the three blood groups A, B and O. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218478765 2018-01-03 13:31:17 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218478765 The blood type (A, B, AB, or O) or the blood product is identified. This relates to the presence of antigens on the cell's surface. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218479335 2018-01-03 13:33:18 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218479335 He has been described as the father of transfusion medicine VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218481231 This dicocery allows to transfuse blood without endangering the patient's life.]]> 2018-01-03 13:39:12 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218481231 In 1930, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218482248 2018-01-03 13:42:06 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218482248 1845 –1923 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218482538 2018-01-03 13:42:57 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218482538 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218482955 2018-01-03 13:44:19 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218482955 He was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218483381 2018-01-03 13:45:54 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218483381 X-rays were found emanating from Crookes tubes, experimental discharge tubes invented around 1875,created free electrons by ionization of the residual air in the tube by a high DC voltage. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218484177 2018-01-03 13:49:02 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218484177 Print of Wilhelm Röntgen's first "medical" X-ray, of his wife's hand, taken on 22 December 1895 and presented to Ludwig Zehnder of the Physik Institut, University of Freiburg, on 1 January 1896 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218484760 2018-01-03 13:51:13 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218484760 Today, Röntgen is considered the father of diagnostic radiology, the medical speciality which uses imaging to diagnose disease. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218486433 2018-01-03 13:56:14 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218486433 In 1901, Röntgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218486994 2018-01-03 13:57:40 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218486994 1881 –1955 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218487826 2018-01-03 14:00:37 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218487826 He was a Scottish physician, microbiologist, and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould Penicillium notatum. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218488715 2018-01-03 14:03:11 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218488715 On 3 September 1928, Fleming returned to his laboratory having spent August on holiday with his family. Before leaving, he had stacked all his cultures of staphylococci on a bench in a corner of his laboratory. On returning, Fleming noticed that one culture was contaminated with a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci immediately surrounding the fungus had been destroyed, whereas other staphylococci colonies farther away were normal, famously remarking "That's funny". VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218489315 2018-01-03 14:04:52 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218489315 Fleming grew the mould in a pure culture and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. He identified the mould as being from the Penicillium genus, and, after some months of calling it "mould juice", named the substance it released penicillin on 7 March 1929. The laboratory in which Fleming discovered and tested penicillin is preserved as the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218489894 2018-01-03 14:06:25 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218489894 Fleming, Florey and Chain jointly received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218491828 2018-01-03 14:11:33 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218491828 F.Crick 1916 – 2004 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218493885 J.Watson 1928]]> 2018-01-03 14:17:08 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218493885 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218495112 2018-01-03 14:20:29 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218495112 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218496028  In 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick announced that they had determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes.]]> 2018-01-03 14:22:41 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218496028 They showed how the different components of DNA interact in three dimensions to form a long spiraling molecule, with a double ‘backbone’ of sugar and phosphates. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218515599 2018-01-03 15:01:16 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218515599 The discovery immediately suggested the way in which DNA is replicated: the two strands are ‘unzipped’ to allow the ‘code’ of bases to be copied. “It is this specific pairing between bases that is the heart of the replication process”. The unraveling of the helical structure of DNA is hailed as one of the most significant landmarks of the 20th century. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218517195 2018-01-03 15:05:30 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218517195 Among the developments that followed directly from it were pre-natal screening for disease genes; genetically engineered foods; the ability to identify human remains; the rational design of treatments for diseases such as AIDS; and the accurate testing of physical evidence in order to convict or exonerate criminals. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218518271 2018-01-03 15:07:44 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218518271 In 1962 Watson, Crick , and Wilkins (1916–2004) jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218519848 2018-01-03 15:11:43 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218519848 1932 VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218520470 2018-01-03 15:13:23 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218520470 He is a French virologist, who discovererd the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218521514 2018-01-03 15:15:38 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218521514 Montagnier and members of his group at the Pasteur Institute examined samples taken from AIDS patients and found the virus that would later become known as HIV in a lymph node biopsy. They named it "lymphadenopathy-associated virus", after called HIV virus. VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218523094 2018-01-03 15:18:56 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218523094 HIV is transmitted through the following body fluids (Blood, Semen ....). VFERRERAS https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218528424 Currently, there is no effective HIV vaccine but many research projects managing clinical trials seek to create one.]]> 2018-01-03 15:27:21 UTC https://padlet.com/VFERRERAS/ygpvy6x9q4ku/wish/218528424