Team 1: SDL activity by Nurul Hanis

2025-01-07 06:00:25 UTC

The ideal pH range for bioproduction would be around 7. Factors affecting pH change in cell culture media include change of temperature, cell growth, lactic acid formation and CO2 levels. Increase in pH can be combat by increasing dissolved CO2 and stablising using pH buffers. A pH probe can be used to measure pH based on voltage.

nhanis528 — 2025-01-07 06:21:22 UTC

The impeller and baffles in the bioreactor both play important roles in managing the optimal conditions necessary for cell growth and proliferation. Through optimized mixing, the impeller ensures a uniform distribution of nutrients, oxygen, air and heat, enhancing the overall oxygen transfer while limiting the shear stress effect caused by hydrodynamics and aeration.

The baffles complement the impeller by preventing vortex formation, that otherwise hinders mixing, through bubble formation and causing spillage. They also promote temperature distribution and are essential for maintaining a consistent environment for scale-up. Together, the impeller and baffles ensure media uniformity for an efficient bioreactor operation.

22031561_5 — 2025-01-07 06:24:48 UTC

SPARGER

Continuously introduces sufficient oxygen in media via air bubbles evenly in the bottom of bioreactor.

Oxygen solubility in media depends on the size of the bubbles. [Smaller dissolve better]

Ring spargers are pipes with holes allowing air to escape into media, causing large bubbles. Micro spargers are tubes that introduce air into media causing small bubbles.

22031561_5 — 2025-01-07 06:32:41 UTC

JACKET

Controls the temperature of bioreactor by providing circulated cooling / heated water, ultimately help optimize the process.

It surrounds the bioreactor as a layer and has a pump that helps with circulation of the water, which ensures uniform heat distribution and homogenous temperature of culture.

23031300_1 — 2025-01-07 08:51:35 UTC

The operating range for DO is about 40 - 60% to prevent protein degradation. The operating range for dissolved CO2 is about 5-10% to prevent detrimental effects to cell growth and protein production. The amount of DO can be monitored using a DO probe. The controller will sparge O2 gas into the cell culture system until the DO concentrations are reached after programming the specific DO level.

2025-01-07 11:55:49 UTC

Temperature is a critical parameter for mammalian cell culture, typically maintained at 37°C to mimic the natural human body temperature. It influences cellular processes such as metabolism, enzyme activity, and protein stability. Deviations from the optimal temperature can slow down cell growth or lead to cell death due to protein denaturation and heat stress. Bioreactors use precise heating and cooling systems, along with continuous monitoring, to maintain a stable temperature. Ensuring uniform temperature distribution is essential to prevent gradients that could affect cell viability and product quality.