Afghanistan's history by Jennifer Young

1978

2024-11-08 14:21:30 UTC

The Afghan Communist Party takes over. They create a government based around Islamic principles, Afghan nationalism, and socioeconomic justice. A fight starts with the Soviets.

1933 - Zahir Shah becomes the new king of Afghanistan and brings stability to the country for the next 40 years

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1980

2024-11-08 14:22:38 UTC

Mujahideen rebels unite against the Soviet invaders and the USSR-backed Afghan Army

1982

2024-11-08 14:23:15 UTC

3 million Afghans fled to Pakistan because of war. 1.5 million fled to Iran. Afghan guerrillas (small independent groups) took over major cities. Soviets held control of urban areas.

1930-1970s ¨Golden Age¨

2024-11-08 14:23:38 UTC

During the year 1934, the United States started to recognize Afghanistan

October 7th 2001

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Following unanswered demands that the Taliban turn over bin Laden, U.S. and British forces launch airstrikes against targets in Afghanistan. American warplanes start to bomb Taliban targets and bases reportedly belonging to the al-Qaida network. The Taliban proclaim they are ready for jihad.

1975-1977

2024-11-08 14:23:57 UTC

Khan proposes a new constitution that grants women rights He also cracks down on opponents of Afghanistan forcing many suspected of not supporting Khan out of the government.

December 22nd 2001

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Hamid Karzai, a royalist and ethnic Pashtun, is sworn in as the leader of the interim government in Afghanistan. Karzai entered Afghanistan after living in exile for years in neighboring Pakistan. At the U.N.-sponsored conference to determine an interim government, Karzai already has the support of the United States and by the end of the conference is elected leader of the six-month government.

1973

2024-11-08 14:25:03 UTC

In 1973 Khan over throws the king in a military coup. His political party, The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan comes into power. He abolished the monarchy and named himself the president. They establish the Republic of Afghanistan and create strong ties with the USSR.

1956

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Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agrees to help Afghanistan, and the two countries become close allies

1957

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Women were allowed to attend universitys and they were allowed to start working

1994

2024-11-08 14:26:14 UTC

The Taliban takes over the southern Afghan city of Kandahar, promising to restore order and bring greater security. They quickly impose their harsh interpretation of Islam on the territory they control.

1995

2024-11-08 14:26:21 UTC

The Taliban rises to power, promising peace. Most Afghans approved of this because it would enforce Islamic law. They outlaw opium trade, crime rates go down, and education/employment for woman curtail. They aren't allowed unveiled or outside alone. Public executions happen.

1984

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Saudi Islamist, Osama Bin Laden makes his first official trip to Afghanistan to help and donate to anti-Soviet fighters. NATO investigates human right violations in Afghanistan.

2021

2024-11-08 14:27:19 UTC

The U.S. transports a final contingent of troops from Kabul Airport, officially ending America’s longest war.

The Pentagon says some Americans were unable to leave and will have to rely on “diplomatic channels” to exit the country.

Afghanistan 1996

2024-11-08 14:27:34 UTC

In September 1996 the Taliban captured Kabul, killed the country's president, named Mohammad Najibullah, and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. This was the beginning of the Third Afghan Civil War. Osama bin Laden also arrived in Afghanistan after being kicked out of Sudan to establish al-Qaeda groups.

1989

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The U.S., Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Soviet Union sign peace accords in Geneva guaranteeing Afghan independence and withdrawing 100,000 troops. Afghan guerrillas name Sibhatullah Mojadidi as head of their exiled government.

1997

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In 1997, the Taliban publicly executed Najibullah, an Afghan politician who served as the general secretary. Along with this, ethnic groups in the south and the north with aid from Hamid Karzai continue their fight against the Taliban to try to keep their country.

2005

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The nation holds its first parliamentary elections in more than 30 years. The peaceful vote leads to the parliament’s first meeting in December.

Sept. 4, 2001

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The Taliban took 8 international aid workers and put them on trial because they were spreading around Christianity. The group were put into many Afghan prisons until soon released on Nov. 15.

1992

2024-11-08 14:28:47 UTC

Turncoat or opposite side governments storm Afgan Capitol building, and took over the current president Mohammad Najibullah. Najibullah was offered help from The UN, but he was not permitted to leave Afghanistan, as his country was falling apart, and they were trying to make Afghanistan Islamic again

2006

2024-11-08 14:29:11 UTC

Amid continuing fighting between Taliban and al-Qaida fighters and the Afghan government forces, NATO expands its peacekeeping operation to the southern portion of the country. After the forces take over from American-led troops, Taliban fighters launch a big wave of suicide attacks and raids against the international troops.

1995

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A newly formed group, The Taliban, rose to power and promised peace. Due to the years of drought during this time, the Afghans are glad for the Taliban to take over. The Taliban implement many laws that control the Afghans, especially women. Their laws take away women's freedoms, and force them to be fully veiled. The Taliban enforce these laws through executions and amputations. During the years of 1995-1999 the Afghan suffered a major drought.

1988

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Osama bin Laden and 15 other islamists form a group to continue their holy war against the Soviets. Osama bin Laden and the 15 other islamists claim victory in their first battle and began to shift their focus to America.

1989

2024-11-08 14:30:01 UTC

The U.S., Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Soviet Union sign peace accords guaranteeing Afghan independence and the withdrawal of 100,000 Soviet troops.

2000

2024-11-08 14:30:18 UTC

Bin Laden, who was considered an international terrorist, was supposedly hiding out in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan he was collecting followers in the terrorists training camps. The United States wants him to be on trail for the embassy bombings and the Taliban decided to extradite him. Afghanistan was punished by the United Nations with restrictions on trade and economic development.

2007

2024-11-08 14:30:46 UTC

The Afghan government and NATO confirm that Taliban commander Mullah Dadullah was killed during a U.S.-led operation in southern Afghanistan.

2004

2024-11-08 14:30:49 UTC

Presidential elections are held. More than 10.5 million Afghans register to vote and choose among 18 presidential candidates, including interim leader Karzai. Karzai is elected with 55 percent of the vote.

2008

2024-11-08 14:31:25 UTC

The international community pledges more than $15 billion in aid to Afghanistan at a donors’ conference in Paris, while Afghan President Hamid Karzai promises to fight corruption in the government.

2009

2024-11-08 14:31:58 UTC

President Barack Obama names Richard Holbrooke as a special representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Mr. Obama announces a new strategy for the Afghanistan war that would send off more military and civilian trainers to the country, in addition to the 17,000 more combat troops he previously ordered. The strategy also includes assistance to Pakistan in its fight against militants.

1960-1970 Kabul's " Golden Era "

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In this time period, cities were a combination of both modern and traditional. Education in Afghanistan was at its peak, and people loved how strong their personal freedom was.

1986

2024-11-08 14:33:18 UTC

The Mujahadeen are receiving arms from the United States, Britain and China via Pakistan.

2010

2024-11-08 14:33:23 UTC

President Barack Obama accepts Gen. Stanley McChrystal’s resignation or departure as the top commander in Afghanistan, over critical comments he made in a Rolling Stone article, and nominates Gen. David Petraeus, head of U.S. Central Command, as his replacement.

Sept. 11, 2001

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Hijackers got ahold of 4 commercial planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C., and also a field in Pennsylvania. Thousands were killed this day and the main subject, Bin Laden was believed to be hiding in Afghanistan.

2012

2024-11-08 14:34:49 UTC

President Hamid Karzai calls for American forces to leave Afghan villages and pull back to their bases after a U.S. soldier kills 16 Afghan civilians inside their homes.

2013

2024-11-08 14:35:06 UTC

The Afghan army takes over all military and security operations from NATO forces.

September 2014

2024-11-08 14:36:01 UTC

Ashraf Ghani becomes president of Afghanistan in September after two rounds of voting, claims of election fraud and a power-sharing agreement with main rival Abdullah Abdullah.

2011

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U.S. forces overtake a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and kill al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden on May 2 local time.

Aug 21st 2017

2024-11-08 14:37:20 UTC

Trump commits to continued military involvement to prevent emergence of “a vacuum for terrorists.”

February 2019

2024-11-08 14:37:59 UTC

U.S. and Taliban sign agreement on a peace deal that would serve as the preliminary terms for the U.S. withdrawal from the country by May 2021.

September 2019

2024-11-08 14:38:38 UTC

Trump calls off peace talks after U.S. soldier is killed in a Taliban attack.

November 2020

2024-11-08 14:38:57 UTC

U.S. announces plans to cut U.S. troop size in half — down to 2,500 by January — days before Biden was inaugurated

1979

2027dunnrw1 — 2024-11-08 14:40:47 UTC

American Ambassador Adolf Dubs assassinated; America stops assisting/supporting Afghanistan.

Taraki killed by Amin supporters on September 11th, 1979.

USSR invades Afghanistan on December 24th, 1979.

Amin and his followers executed on December 27th, 1979.

Barak Kamal becomes prime minister; wide opposition to Kamal and Soviet rule causes violent public demonstrations.

1975-1977

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President Khan proposed a new constitution that granted women rights and worked to modernize the mostly communist state. He also went down on his political opponents, forcing many suspected of not supporting Khan out of the government.