https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x Civil Rights and Civil Liberties en-us 2018-10-12 15:52:12 UTC 2025-11-19 15:02:06 UTC hello@padlet.com 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292236565 A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.]]> 2018-10-12 15:58:37 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292236565 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292238288 2018-10-12 16:01:27 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292238288 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292238320 2018-10-12 16:01:30 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292238320 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292239869 The clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.]]> 2018-10-12 16:04:18 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292239869 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292246978 Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.]]> 2018-10-12 16:17:53 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292246978 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292247980 The prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.]]> 2018-10-12 16:19:43 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292247980 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292250935 A form of expression in which behavior is used by itself or in coordination with written or spoken words to convey an idea or message.]]> 2018-10-12 16:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292250935 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292891379 A classification is called suspect because it is likely to be based on illegal discrimination. The clearest example of a suspect classification is race.]]> 2018-10-15 15:44:28 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292891379 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292893124 De Jure Segregation refers to the legal separation of groups in society.]]> 2018-10-15 15:47:21 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292893124 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292895290 easonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).]]> 2018-10-15 15:50:52 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292895290 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292896406 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.]]> 2018-10-15 15:52:37 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292896406 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292897719 Symbolic speech is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.]]> 2018-10-15 15:54:42 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292897719 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292898652 Incorporation, in United States law, is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states. ]]> 2018-10-15 15:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292898652 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292900853 Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.]]> 2018-10-15 15:59:09 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292900853 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292901694 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.]]> 2018-10-15 16:00:14 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292901694 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292902426 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court. In a 5–4 majority, the Court held that both inculpatory and exculpatory statements made in response to interrogation by a defendant in police custody.]]> 2018-10-15 16:01:07 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292902426 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292906817 The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".]]> 2018-10-15 16:07:34 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292906817 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292908634 Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment.]]> 2018-10-15 16:10:09 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292908634 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292910300 A literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write. Literacy tests have been administered by various governments to immigrants.]]> 2018-10-15 16:12:37 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292910300 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292912267 Affirmative action, also known as reservation in India and Nepal, positive action in the UK, and employment equity in Canada and South Africa, is the policy of promoting the education and employment of members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.]]> 2018-10-15 16:15:16 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292912267 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292912804 Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted by white Democrat-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period, in the late 19th century, the laws were enforced until 1965.]]> 2018-10-15 16:16:04 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292912804 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292913048 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. ]]> 2018-10-15 16:16:24 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292913048 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292916664 Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, is a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions. ]]> 2018-10-15 16:21:36 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292916664 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292918481 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, also known as the Dred Scott case or Dred Scott decision, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on U.S. labor law and constitutional law.]]> 2018-10-15 16:24:15 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292918481 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292919125 Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".]]> 2018-10-15 16:25:07 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292919125 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292919872 Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.]]> 2018-10-15 16:26:12 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/292919872 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293270014 In U.S. constitutional law, rational basis review is the normal standard of review that courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection questions under the Fifth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment.]]> 2018-10-16 12:11:20 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293270014 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293270678 The Free Exercise Clause accompanies the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.]]> 2018-10-16 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293270678 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293271286 Judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.]]> 2018-10-16 12:14:04 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293271286 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293271821 Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602, was a case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. The court ruled in an 8–1 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act from 1968 was unconstitutional, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. ]]> 2018-10-16 12:15:13 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293271821 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293272565 Freedom of speech.]]> 2018-10-16 12:16:44 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293272565 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293273250 The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court ruled in the 2008 Heller decision that the right belongs to individuals in their homes for self-defense.]]> 2018-10-16 12:18:16 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293273250 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293273949 The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.]]> 2018-10-16 12:19:43 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293273949 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293274262 Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement.]]> 2018-10-16 12:20:24 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293274262 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293274985 The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights and, among other things, protects individuals from being compelled to be witnesses against themselves in criminal cases.]]> 2018-10-16 12:21:54 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293274985 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293275387 Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship.]]> 2018-10-16 12:22:42 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293275387 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293275998 The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions. The Supreme Court has applied the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.]]> 2018-10-16 12:23:55 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293275998 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293276678 Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders. Its criminalization dates back at least as far as the Alien and Sedition Act.]]> 2018-10-16 12:25:12 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293276678 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293277046 The Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact.]]> 2018-10-16 12:25:54 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293277046 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293277745 The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that this amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause also applies to the states.]]> 2018-10-16 12:27:11 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293277745 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293281598 The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.]]> 2018-10-16 12:34:15 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293281598 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293282204 Defamation, calumny, vilification, or traducement is the communication of a false statement that, depending on the law of the country, harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, group, government, religion, or nation.]]> 2018-10-16 12:35:16 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293282204 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293282589 Speech or writing that is Defamatory is likely to damage someone's good reputation by saying something bad and untrue about them.]]> 2018-10-16 12:35:52 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293282589 20ecjeske https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293283330 National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie, 432 U.S. 43, arising out of what is sometimes referred to as the Skokie Affair, is a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. Related court decisions are captioned Collin v. Smith and Smith v. Collin.]]> 2018-10-16 12:37:10 UTC https://padlet.com/20ecjeske/ydmin875u79x/wish/293283330