Unit 2 Discussion by Jennifer Johnson https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o en-us 2023-06-17 21:30:44 UTC 2023-06-22 03:28:44 UTC hello@padlet.com jenniferjohnson7 https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629652498 1. The two divisions of the ANS are the somatic division and the visceral division. Their alternate names are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 

]]> 2023-06-22 02:05:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629652498 jenniferjohnson7 https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629675111 2. epinephrine and some norepinephrine are neurotransmitters that travel to all sympathetic receptor sites. The neurotransmitters bind to and stimulate several. autonomic receptor sites. In the parasympathetic division these are known as cholinergic receptors and in the sympathetic division they are known as adrenergic receptors. There are 2 types of nicotinic receptors- nicotinic-nerve and nicotinic-muscle. Nicotinic nerve receptors are located on both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia]]> 2023-06-22 02:23:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629675111 jenniferjohnson7 https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629685285 3. Neurotransmitters are released at synapses ]]> 2023-06-22 02:31:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629685285 jenniferjohnson7 https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629694787 4. In the parasympathetic division there are two types of cholinergic receptors: muscarinic and nicotinic. Muscarinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of the visceral organs and glands. Nicotinic receptors are located on cell membranes of skeletal muscle. In the sympathetic  the postganglionic neurons release NE and that stimulates the adrenergic receptors. The adrenergic receptors are subdivided by two types and those are alpha and beta receptors. Alpha and beta receptors are subdivided into alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2.]]> 2023-06-22 02:41:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629694787 jenniferjohnson7 https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629704475 5. The effects depend on the individual organ. For the GI tract actions are increased and for the heart actions are decreased. ]]> 2023-06-22 02:50:12 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629704475 ANS Drug Classifications jenniferjohnson7 https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629716604 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: Stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.
Action: Constriction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction) leading to increased blood pressure.
Adrenergic Agonists: Stimulates adrenergic receptors.
Action: Can include increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and increased contractility.
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers: Block alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.
Action: Vasodilation leading to decreased blood pressure.
Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: Stimulate beta-1 adrenergic receptors.
Action: Increased heart rate and contractility.
Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: Stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
Action: Bronchodilation (relaxation of smooth muscles in the airways), relaxation of uterine smooth muscles.
Beta Blockers: Block beta adrenergic receptors.
Action: Decreased heart rate, decreased contractility, and vasodilation, leading to decreased blood pressure.
Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist: Stimulate cholinergic receptors (muscarinic or nicotinic receptors).
Action: Varies depending on the specific receptor subtype stimulated. Can include increased glandular secretions, constriction of smooth muscles, increased gastrointestinal motility
Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents: Increase the concentration of acetylcholine by inhibiting cholinesterase
Action: Prolonged activation of cholinergic receptors, leading to increased glandular secretions
Anticholinergics: Block cholinergic receptors (muscarinic or nicotinic receptors).
Action: Varies depending on the specific receptor subtype blocked. Can include decreased glandular secretions
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Varies depending on the drug.
Action: Act on the central nervous system or peripheral nerves to reduce muscle tone and induce muscle relaxation.
Centrally Acting: The receptor interactions vary greatly depending on the specific drug.]]> 2023-06-22 03:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629716604 Drug List jenniferjohnson7 https://padlet.com/jenniferjohnson7/ybyno287y75icm8o/wish/2629729758 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
 ephedrine
  phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

Adrenergic Agonists
epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers
 prazosin (Minipress®)
 terazosin (Hytrin®)
 doxazosin (Cardura®)

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists
 dobutamine

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
 formoterol (Foradil®)
 albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
 terbutaline (Brethine®)

Beta Blockers
  1. Nonselective
      nadolol (Corgard®)
      propranolol (Inderal®)
      timolol (Blocadren®)
  1. Selective
     atenolol (Tenormin®)
      metoprolol (Lopressor®)

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist
  acetylcholine
   pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
 bethanechol (Urecholine®)

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents
 neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

Anticholinergics
  atropine
  dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Peripherally Acting
-Depolarizing Agent
succinylcholine

-Non-depolarizing Agent
rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®)
Direct Acting
dantrolene (Dantrium®)

Centrally Acting
      cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril®)
      carisoprodol (Soma®)
       methocarbamol (Robaxin®)
       orphenadrine citrate (Norflex®)
       chlorzoxazone  (Parafon Forte DSC®)
        metaxalone (Skelaxin®)

Mast Cell Stabilizers
cromolyn Sodium (Intal®, Nasalcrom®)

Bronchodilators
Sympathomimetics/beta-2 agonists  (Short and long acting)
  albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
  formoterol (Foradil®)                                                                 
terbutaline (Brethine®)                                                       
salmeterol (Serevent®)

Xanthine Derivatives
 theophylline (Theo-Dur®)
aminophylline (Paladron®)

Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists/Inhibitors
montelukast (Singulair®)

Anticholinergics
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

Combination Bronchodilators
ipratropium bromide + albuterol sulfate (Combivent®)

Antihistamines
  1. Generation I (sedating)
brompheniramine (Dimetapp®)
chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)
clemastine (Tavist®)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
promethazine (Phenergan®)
azelastine (Astelin®, Astepro®)
-Generation II (non-sedating)
loratadine (Claritin®)
fexofenadine (Allegra®)
cetirizine (Zyrtec®)

Corticosteroids (asthma or allergic rhinitis, inhaled or nasal)
budesonide (Rhinocort®, Pulmicort®)
mometasone (Nasonex®, Asmanex®)
fluticasone (Flonase®, Flovent®)
flunisolide (Nasalide®)
triamcinolone (Nasacort®, Azmacort®)

Antitussives
a. Narcotic
hydrocodone (Hycodan®)
codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)
 
b. Non-narcotic
dextromethorphan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®)
benzonatate  (Tessalon Perles®)

Expectorants
guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)

Decongestants
oxymetazoline (Afrin®)
pheniramine (Dristan®)
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)










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