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Citation: https://www.holidify.com/pages/culture-of-nepal-862.html 

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Unemployment and job insecurity:
Unemployment and job insecurity is another common problem faced by the refugees. This could be due to communication error due to language, lack of confidence in new society, qualification mismatch, racial discrimination, lack of vocational training and sometimes lack of opportunities in the areas. This will bring financial stress, lower socio-economic status, and reduced access to resources for health and well-being. It results in depression, anxiety, separation from family (Kavian et al., 2020).

 Housing, basic amenities and the environment:
Housing in another social determinant faced by the refugees. In Australia, research indicates that 40% of refugee may have difficulty in finding house to live. The cost of living is too high in Australia (Ziersch et al., 2017). Due to the financial crises, Refugees are not able to afford for good houses as a result all the families are bound to live together in a confined space. This brings the higher chances of social conflicts, personal insecurity, and emotional disturbances to them. Poor housing leads to problem like lack of drinking water, proper sanitation, dampness, growth of mould, lack of enough lights can cause respiratory problems and mental health issues (Ziersch et al., 2020).

 Citation:
 Kavian, F. et al. (2020) ‘Migration, stress and the challenges of accessing food: An exploratory study of the experience of recent Afghan women refugees in Adelaide, Australia’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), p. 1379. doi:10.3390/ijerph17041379.

Mehdi, S.P., Pasricha, J. and Biggs, B.A. (2023) ‘Hyperlipidaemia and weight amongst Afghani refugees attending a general practice clinic in regional Australia’, Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 25(3), pp. 589–595. doi:10.1007/s10903-022-01446-1. 

 
Ziersch, A. et al. (2017) ‘Exploring the relationship between housing and Health for Refugees and asylum seekers in South Australia: A qualitative study’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), p. 1036. doi:10.3390/ijerph14091036.

Ziersch, A. et al. (2020) ‘Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: A qualitative study’, BMC Public Health, 20(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z.  

 

 

 

 

Citation:
 Ali, F., Shafee, M., Akbar, A., Khan, N., Khetran, M. A., Rahman, F., & Mengal, M. A. (2018). Frequency of Pulmonary tuberculosis in Afghan assylum seekers dwelling in Balochistan, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 43(4), 577-80.

Kavian, F. et al. (2020) ‘Migration, stress and the challenges of accessing food: An exploratory study of the experience of recent Afghan women refugees in Adelaide, Australia’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), p. 1379. doi:10.3390/ijerph17041379

Slewa-Younan, S. et al. (2014) ‘Mental health literacy of resettled Iraqi refugees in Australia: Knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and beliefs about helpfulness of interventions’, BMC Psychiatry, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0320-x.

Zubair Ahmad, K., Mohammad, S., & Faseeh, S. (2015). Frequency and risk factors of hepatitis B and    C in Afghan patients presenting to tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.