Did you know who is Sultan Abdul Hamid II? Sultan Abdul Hamid II who ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909. Next, Sultan Abdul Hamid II was the 34th Ottoman Sultan.

Before this, as we know turkey has influenced the world in many aspects. Among the aspects influenced by the Turkish state are cultural diplomacy and role in Islamic affairs.

But during the reign of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, there were changes to the Islamic system and caused the Muslims in Turkey to face misery at that time. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was the ruler of Turkey in 1924. He has done many changes in turkey like abolish the Islamic system of government. Besides that, he has convert azan and al-quran into Turkish language.

Therefore, the changes made by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk had a bad effect on Muslims. The effect on the Islamic religion of the changes made by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk are Islamic practices and culture are forgotten and have a big and bad impact on the next generation of Muslims in Turkey.

In summary, Turkey's historical journey reflects the transition from the glory of Islam under the caliphate to the changes spearheaded by leaders such as Sultan Abdul Hamid II and later Mustafa Kemal Ataturk the change of times. While Turkey's influence on the world was once defined by its rich Islamic heritage, Ataturk's reforms marked a departure from traditional practices and affected the country's cultural and religious fabric. The transition to secularization had a significant impact, causing Islamic customs and culture to be forgotten and affecting future generations of Muslims in Turkey.

Index number: P23302415

Identification card number: 040411-09-0044

Class/Group: Pengajian Islam

Code and Name of Course: Effective communication in English (GEEC1052)

Lecturer's name: En. Abdul Muiz bin Abd Aziz

Date of submission: 15 November 2023