14/07/1789 Day in France (Bastille day)

This day the people in france came in the prison and release the prisoners.

Cotton substituded wool and coal had a lot of power.

In this revolution where an invention, the steam engine, that was created for James watt.

1868 - 1878: Cuba revolts against Spain (first war)

1891: Tariff law (Spain raises taxes and prices in Cuba)

1895 - 1898: The second war

1896 - 1898: Spain lose Philippines

1897: Spain lose Puerto Rico

Mutual aid society - Trade unions sindicats were prohibited.

esquema

esquema

the sindicalism in Spain: UGT (general union of workers), majoritary in the north of Spain and Madrid and it was socialist. the CNT (National Confederation of Labor) majoritary in Catalonia and Andalusia and it was anarchist.

Spain want to have colonies in the north of Africa, then, Spain and France try to occupy it.

In 1907 to 1927, Spain had a war with Morroco. It's obligatory to go to the war, unless you pay x money, they make a revolt in the tragic week for this.

Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia was a pedagogue and teacher, he wanted a modern school. They killed him in the castle of Montjuic.

Spain was a neutral country, and it helps to the economy of Spain.

Russia was a country with a Zar, like is that a king. This led to a communist revolution, that Lenin was the lider of the revolution. The USSR change to URSS in the revolution

It was 43 and 49 days of strike, they want a journey of 8 hours.

They killed Salvador Segui "sugar boy" in this strike.

And finally there were 6 years, to 1917 to 1923 of gunmanship.

Political power - Madrid - gave money to the provinces.

There weren't regions and autonomous communities, only provinces, city hall, ... But there hadn't power.

Provincial council (pta/peceta)

The central state gives permission for any province to collaborate with any province it wanr.

Commonwealth president:

1914-1917: Enric Prat de la Riva

1917-1923: Josep Puig i Cadafalch

1923-1925: Alfons Sala

Pompeu Fabra did a lot of things (Moderns dictionary)

Francesc Cambó was a politician

Great Britain had many territories.

Franco - Spanish protectorate

They want to conquire Morroco.

Ceuta and Melilla were Spanish territory since 17th century.

Spain occupies the RIF.

Morroco-Sultanate

Finally, in 1956 France and Spain leave Morroco.

Mohamed Ibn Abd el-Krim (tribes liberated by him, Berebe)

In 2 weeks, more than 10,000 dead Spanish soldiers.

The army led by Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1923 with Alfonso XIII will never take place and will also carry out a coup of state.

Francesc Macià did a political party (Catalan state, pro-independence) tries to form a volunteer army in France to cross the border, occupy Catalonia and make it independent (he fails) but win fame in Catalonia.

1932 - General Sanjurjo

18/07/36 One important part of the army did a stage a coup d'état.

• Mola

• Sanjurjo

• Godet

• Franco

International help (Franco)

• Hitler

• Mussolini

Who helps the republic?

• URSS

• International Brigades (volunteers from all over the world)

Idea: Modernize Spain

• Spain was an integral state (autonoms regional government)

• Universal suffrage (men and women), in 1933 the women vote for the first time.

• Spain is a non-confessional state

• There were a magnification of the individual rights

And there were reforms:

• Church/State

• Army (they want to modernize it)

• Education

• Agricuture

The last to causes a military coup.

Exhumation 2023 - of Jose Antonio Primo De Rivera

The Axis offensive

Globalisation of the war

The allied victory

A modern tactic created by the Axis powers that combined the use of tanks and aircraf.  It surprised the Allies who were prepared for trench and infantry warfare. 

1. In April 1940, they invaded Denmark and Norway

2. In May 1940, they invaded Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg.

3. In june 1940, they invade France.

4. In june 1940, they tried to invade Great Britain.

More than 6 million Jews were killed in extermination camp

Movement war refers to a military strategy focused on speed, mobility, and surprise to gain an advantage over the enemy. Unlike trench warfare, it emphasizes rapid advances and strategic positioning to disrupt opponents

Trench warfare was a combat strategy where soldiers fought from deep trenches, mainly during World War I. It led to stalemates, harsh conditions, and heavy casualties, but declined with advancements in tanks and airpower.

He always went with the company of Gerda Taro, they were couple.

1. Yalta conference (February 1945)

2. Postdam conference (July-August 1945)

3. Paris conference (1947)

Japan bombed the US, bringing America into the war

(June 22, 1941) was the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the largest military operation in history. Despite early German advances, the campaign failed due to the harsh winter, Soviet resistance, and the scorched earth tactic, marking a turning point in World War II.