The genes change the moth's protein and it changed their genetic code and gave them more protein.

The connection is that the moths used natural selection and adapted or evolutionized to blend in with the environment.

Honestly sometimes, because in this case it changed the whole entire color of the moth. In every other animal the change of the animal could be entirely different, and not change the look of the animal entirely.

Because of either natural selection, evolution or adaption.

They adapt by natural selection, so over the years the moths evolutionize because of the environment and one day come out a different phenotype then they were years ago.

Overtime the species adapts to the new changes and likely changes over time.

It got rid of it because it needed to. Without this change, likely the moth would not have survived.

Yes, any animal can.

No it was changed because of the trees colors.

Technically, there are so many variations of patterns on moths, so there can be so many patterens.

Yes, there are still peppered moths today. The population of dark moths is decreasing due to cleaner forests.

Yes, the pollution in the air caused the trees to change color. Then for the moths to blend in overtime, they evolutionized into a different color.