The Nationalist Movement by Drishti Wadhwa https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123 Social Studies Project Padlet by Drishti Wadhwa en-us 2020-10-31 14:11:43 UTC 2020-11-08 06:19:42 UTC hello@padlet.com https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1578321270951-88bd84d09a64?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjc4MjZ9 The Formation of INC drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878652495 The Indian National Congress was formed in December, 1885 by A. O. Hume, a retired British
official.]]> 2020-10-31 14:31:41 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878652495 Partition of Bengal drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878654923 PARTITION OF BENGAL

In order to weaken the National Movement, the British attacked the Hindu-Muslim unity. Lord

Curzon issued an order in July, 1905 to partition Bengal. Though the official reason given by Britishers

was that it was difficult to govern and collect revenue from such a big province, but people know

that the Britishers wanted to divide the Indians and rule, therefore, there were protests against the

partition. The day was observed as the Day of Mourning. The Swadeshi (of one's own country,

Boycott and National Education were adopted as tools for achieving Swaraj by the radicals. Indians

boycotted foreign goods and used only Indian goods. Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it

the slogan of Tilak gave impetus to the attainment of Swaraj meaning self-rule. Students played an

important role in these movements by boycotting classes and picketing shops selling foreign goods.

Many women also joined processions and picketing

]]> 2020-10-31 14:34:20 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878654923 Formation of Muslim League drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878663961 FORMATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
The Britishers were practising the policy of divide and rule to weaken the nationalist movement.
They encouraged the Muslims to form a separate organisation of their own. Muslim League was
formed in 1906 by Aga Khan, the religious head of a Muslim sect and Nawab Salimulla of Dhaka.]]> 2020-10-31 14:42:01 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878663961 Morley Minto Reforms drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878669118 MORLEY-MINTO REFORMS (1909)
Ihe British Government announced Morley-Minto Reforms to pacify the Moderates. But the
ms did not pay any heed to the demand of Indians for Swaraj. Muslims were granted separate
electorate (representation). This reform was a further threat to the Hindu-
Muslim unity in the National Movement. The Moderates opposed it and the
struggle for Swaraj became more intense.]]> 2020-10-31 14:47:40 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878669118 Home Rule League drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878671374 HOME RULE LEAGUE
In 1916, an Irish lady, Mrs. Annie Besant established the Home Rule
League in Madras and Bal Gangadhar Tilak established it in Maharashtra.
The purpose of the League was to attain self-government. The British
government tried to crush the movement but the agitation continued ]]> 2020-10-31 14:50:13 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878671374 Lucknow pact of 1916 drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878678840 In 1916, the Moderates and Radicals reunited to strengthen the National Movement after nine years and signed a joint pact at Lucknow with the Muslim League. They jointly demanded self-rule for India]]> 2020-10-31 14:57:46 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878678840 ARRIVAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI ON THE INDIAN POLITICAL SCENE drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878680450 [15:00, 21/10/2020] Drishti Wadhwa🔥: After the First World War (1914–18), Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi took over the leadership of
the Congress. He introduced the technique of non-violent agitation, which was called Satyagraha-
demand for truth. It was a non-violent struggle against the British oppression. He propagated
tolerance, brotherhood, non-violence (ahimsa) and simple living.
Gandhiji realised that social reforms
were necessary for a truly national struggle.
He established Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat
where people of all castes and religions were
welcomed. His first movement was in support
of peasants. It began in Champaran in Bihar
in 1917. He forced the British government to
increase the price of indigo for the benefit
of peasants. By 1919, Gandhiji had become the most popular leader of India. He launched many
powerful mass movements.]]> 2020-10-31 14:59:31 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878680450 MONTAGUE CHELMSFORD REFORM OR GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1919 drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878682725 The British paid no heed to the agitations for self-rule going on all over the country. They
introduced another set of reforms to appease people. But the reforms were insignificant. The
number of elected members was increased in Legislature Assembly and Council of States but there
was no change in the location of power. The system of Dual Government-Dyarchy was introduced.
All important subjects, like finance and police were under the control of the Governor and the Indian
ministers were given the charge of education and health. But the real power still remained with the
British officials. Indians were very disappointed by the reforms.]]> 2020-10-31 15:02:01 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878682725 ROWLATT ACT OF 1919 drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878687114 There was growing unrest among Indians and protests increased. The British government
passed the Rowlatt Act to consolidate their
control. It empowered the Government
to arrest anyone without a warrant and
imprison people without trial. This caused
massive demonstrations and hartals all
across the country.]]> 2020-10-31 15:06:29 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878687114 JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878689357 On April 13, 1919, the people of Punjab gathered on
the auspicious day of Baisakhi at Jallianwala Bagh near
Golden Temple in Amritsar. When they were protesting
peacefully against the arrest of two prominent congress
lcaders of Punjab-Dr. Satya Pal and Saiffudin Kitchlew,
General Dyer ordered the British armed forces to open
fire at the hundreds of innocent, unarmed men, women
and children.
The massacre stunned the whole country. The
government imposed martial law in Punjab. Under martial law, people were tortured, newspapers
were banned and mails were censored.]]> 2020-10-31 15:08:51 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878689357 Non-cooperation movement drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878711233 The Non-cooperation movement was launched on 5th September, 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi with the aim of self-governance and obtaining full independence as the Indian National Congress withdrew its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of 21 March 1919, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919.]]> 2020-10-31 15:30:45 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878711233 Chauri Chaura drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878714982 : CHAURI CHAURA
In 1922, the police fired upon a group of demonstrators, at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh. The
agitated mob set police station on fire and burnt 22 policemen alive. Gandhiji was shocked. He called off
the Non-Cooperation movement as he felt that the movement had lost its non-violent character. Some
leaders supported his decision but leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose opposed
the withdrawal of the movement due to one violent incident. Motilal Nehru and Chittranjan Das formed
the 'Swaraj Party' to enter the Legislative Councils and then destroy the British administration from
inside. Inspite of single-handedly stopping the Non-Cooperation Movement, Gandhiji was arrested.
Though the Non-Cooperation movement was withdrawn prematurely, it was successfulin bringing
the entire country close and helped in giving a national character to the country's freedom struggle.
Gandhiji continued to propagate khadi, Hindu-Muslim unity and eradication of untouchability.]]> 2020-10-31 15:34:49 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878714982 Simmon Commission drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878753287 SIMON COMMISSION (1927)
The Simon Commission was sent to India to review the Government of India Act of 1919 and
suggest further reforms to appease the Indians. Congress decided to oppose the Commission as it
did not have even a single Indian representative.
Wherever the Simon Commission went, it was boycotted by the Congress as well as the Muslim
League with black flags. Lala Lajpat Rai was seriously injured while protesting in a police Lathi charge
in Lahore. He later succumbed to his injuries.]]> 2020-10-31 16:14:11 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878753287 Lahore Session 1929 drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878756555 In December 1929, the Congress session was held on the bank of River Ravi in Lahore, with
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as the President. The historic resolution of Purna Swaraj or Complete
Independence was passed. At this session, it was decided to celebrate January 26, 1930 as the
First Independence Day of India.
As per the resolution after the Lahore session in 1929, January 26 was celebrated as Independence
Day every year. The Constitution of India was completed on November 26, 1949 but it was decided
to adopt and enforce it on January 26, 1950 in the memory of Jaunary 26, 1930. According to the
Constitution of India, since then, we celebrate January 26 as the Republic Day every year.]]> 2020-10-31 16:17:19 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878756555 Lahore Session (1929) drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878761435 In December 1929, the Congress session was held on the bank of River Ravi in Lahore, with
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as the President. The historic resolution of Purna Swaraj or Complete
Independence was passed. At this session, it was decided to celebrate January 26, 1930 as the
First Independence Day of India.
As per the resolution after the Lahore session in 1929, January 26 was celebrated as Independence
Day every year. The Constitution of India was completed on November 26, 1949 but it was decided
to adopt and enforce it on January 26, 1950 in the memory of Jaunary 26, 1930. According to the
Constitution of India, since then, we celebrate January 26 as the Republic Day every year.]]> 2020-10-31 16:22:33 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878761435 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT (1930-34) drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878764386 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT (1930-34)
Salt is the basic requirement for every person. The
British government had a monopoly on salt production and
passed a law, banning manufacturing of salt by Indians so
that the British could sell salt at high rates and the salt made
in Liverpool in England would not face any competition.
So on March 12, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi began his
epic Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. Ihat is
how the march came to be known as Dandi March. He was
accompanied by 78 supporters. They made salt from sea
water and broke the law.
Salt Satyagraha was an open challenge to the British
and the Civil Disobedience spread all over the country. It
became the second mass movement as schools, colleges and
courts were boycotted, foreign goods were burnt; peasants
refused to pay taxes and shops selling foreign goods were
picketed. The movement was led by Abdul Gaffar Khan in
North-West Frontier Province. He was popularly known as
Frontier Gandhi.
The British Government tried to repress the movement
and resorted to violence. Thousands of protestors were
arrested along with Gandhiji and Jawaharlal Nehru. A strong
feeling of patriotism spread to all parts of the country. A
feeling of belonging to one nation united the people living in
different parts of India.]]> 2020-10-31 16:25:22 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878764386 REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS FOR INDIA'S INDEPENDENCE drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878765942 The radical minded Indians were upset when Non-Cooperation movement was withdrawn.
They decided to loot the government cash from a train for buying weapons. Many of them were
arrested and tried in the Kakori Conspiracy Case. Hindustani Socialist Republican Association
was formed in Kanpur by Ramprasad Bismil,Jogesh Chatterjee, Chandrashekhar Azad, Yogendra
Shukla, etc. Kakori Train Robbery was a well-known act of bravery of this group.
• Jugantar party, started by Aurbindo Ghose, planned an armed revolt against the British
during the First World War.
In Lahore (1928), Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru assassinated Police Commissioner, Sanders,
who was responsible for Lala Lajpat Rai's death.
A bomb was thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar
Datt. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged to death in 1931 in Lahore.
Some other revolutionary groups were India House (Madan Lal Dingra), Gadar Party (Lala
Har Dayal) and Berlin Party (Virendra Nath Chattopadhyaya).]]> 2020-10-31 16:26:46 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878765942 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935 drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878766970
This Act introduced some more reforms to pacify Indians. The Head of the Central administration
was the Governor-General. He continued to have the supreme power. The member of states of
Federation had autonomy with respect to subjects delegated to them. The Centre continued to
control defence, external affairs and railways. A Federal Court was established for provinces and
Princely States.
Both Congress and Muslim League rejected the proposals, along with other parties and the
Princely States.
Second World War started in 1939. The British dragged India into the war to satisfy their own
imperialist ambitions. Anti-British movement started in full swing. In 1942, the British Government
sent the Cripps Mission under Sir Stafford Cripps to enlist total cooperation of Indian National
Congress during the Second World War, but the mission failed as demands for complete independence
and self-government after the war were rejected.]]> 2020-10-31 16:27:44 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878766970 QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT (1942) drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878767625
Congress was banned, and the police and army were brought out to suppress the movement.
But after the failure of the Cripps Mission, it became obvious that British Government would not
grant freedom to India. Gandhiji feared that Japan may attack the British possessions in India. Hence,
he wanted the British to Icovc India. Gandhiji gave the final blew to the Britishers on August 8,
1942 by launching the Quit India Movement. It was a Civil Disobedience Movement in response to
Gandhiji's call for immediate independence. Within 24 hours, Gandhiji and all prominent Congress
leaders were arrested. Gandhiji's mantra of Do or Die inspired thousands of people. The Britishers
were infuriated. The police and army waged brutal terror on people]]> 2020-10-31 16:28:22 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878767625 Towards Independence drishtiwadhwa12oct https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878768403 TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE
The Second World War came to an end in 1945. Prime Minister Attlee of Labour Party came
to power in Britain. He was sympathetic towards the demand of Indian people for freedom.
A Cabinet Mission was sent to India in March, 1946. It proposed the formation of an Interim
Government and a Constituent Assembly. Muslim League refused to participate in the interim
government. They demanded a separate state for Muslims (Pakistan). Lord Mountbatten, the
then Viceroy of India, presented a plan for the division of India into India and Pakistan. Gandhiji
and other Indian leaders did not approve of this plan, but had no choice but to accept the
partition due to widespread riots in different parts of the country.]]> 2020-10-31 16:29:05 UTC https://padlet.com/drishtiwadhwa12oct/nationalistmovement123/wish/878768403