Migration, News, Policy 1pm by https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5 en-us 2022-10-11 08:21:20 UTC 2026-02-18 19:17:30 UTC hello@padlet.com EXAMPLE [translation]Researcher: Global warming by 2 degrees turns billions to refugees danielaparedesgrijalva https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2375123160
-people in the global south lose their livelihoods due to climate change and have to move
-rich countries are not doing enough to mitigate climate change
-The international community should prepare for these developments
QUESTION: Why does climate change generate refugees?
POSSIBLE RESEARCH QUESTION: How does climate change impact livelihoods in XYZ for ABC?]]> 2022-11-08 14:45:27 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2375123160 BBC - Is the world ready for mass migration due to climate change? kezia_borges https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398580209 - Are political borders fit for the world of the 21st Century?
- Shouldn't we care more about the "planetary borders" defined by geography and climate?
- Who are the people that will be the most affected by climate change?
- How could migration be beneficial in tackling the effects of climate change?
- What are the roles of nation-states and global governance in dealing with mass environmental migration?



]]> 2022-11-26 13:45:40 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398580209 Mariana [a municipality in Brazil]: 85% of families affected by the dam bursting suffer from compulsory displacement kezia_borges https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398590213 - Loss of housing, ways of life, productive activities, community, and kinship relations. Loss of access to natural resources and food security, among several other violations, are the consequences of compulsory displacement caused by the disaster-crime of responsibility of the mining companies Samarco, Vale, and BHP since November 2015.
- At least 1246 families from the municipality of Mariana were forced to migrate, which is 85% of the total.
- 13% of the affected families moved to another municipality.
- For the victims, the experience of compulsory displacement configured a 'temporary life' in a space completely different from their communities of origin, states the researcher from GESTA/UFMG. Maryellen explains that "the distance between relatives and neighbors is a significant cause of suffering, because the dissolution of close nuclei also represented the rupture of reciprocity and solidarity networks, causing the isolation of family groups.
- The toxic waste still deposited in the affected areas, the community isolation, the impossibility to continue with productive activities, and the consequent impoverishment are some of the suffering factors for many families that continue to live in the territory of origin. That is why some researchers say that these people live in a condition of in situ displacement.
- "The 'displacement in situ' refers to processes in which people remain in place, but have their conditions of existence significantly altered, changing their social position, especially their conditions of vulnerability and risk. To this extent, compulsory displacement concerns not the physical movement itself, but the relationships from which people lose access to and control of their conditions of existence and social reproduction, including natural resources, housing, security, and networks of solidarity, trust, and kinship.", according to researchers Raquel Teixeira, Andréa Zhouri and Luana Dias Motta.
Questions:
- How did the Mariana dam collapse affect the local community?
- What are some of the social and psychological effects caused by forced migration? 
- What is in situ displacement?

]]> 2022-11-26 14:07:04 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398590213 UNHCR: Refugees and displaced people need seats at COP28 table https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398595090 - climate refugees and displaced people were at COP 27 for the first time
- displaced people demand seats at COP28 
- Almost 70% of world’s displaced people coming from most climate-vulnerable countries
- loss & damage on agenda for the 1st time 
-  “there is no greater example of loss and damage than of having to flee your home and cross a border to seek refuge.” 

QUESTION answered: 
- What was the role of displaced people in the climate negotiations of COP27 and what should it be at COP28? 

Research question: 
- What is the role of loss and damage for displaced people? 
- How can the perspective of 'environmental migrants' be more involved in the COP discussions on loss&damage?

(Hannah)

]]> 2022-11-26 14:17:58 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398595090 https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398599646 radio interview with sindra sharmer, global policy lead for Climate Action Network interational
- one cop27 achievement is the agreement for a loss & damage fund (after 30 years of demand), but no money has been provided so far and details of the agreement are not yet worked out

question:
- how can you evaluate and refund non-economic losses that displaced people must face?
- since environmental migration is such a multidimensional problem, how can loss & damages be calculated? 
- what are the criteria to be called a climate refugee/displaced person due to climate change and how can they be refunded? 

(Hannah)]]> 2022-11-26 14:27:11 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398599646 Experts warn: The world is not ready to cope with climate migration jakobzwirnmann https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398665681
  • according to the U.N. each year natural disasters force an average of 21.5 million people from their homes around the world
  • definition climate migrant problematic
  • lack of understanding as to how climate is forcing people to move
  • currently no nation offers asylum to climate migrants 
  • Question: How can climate migration be legally defined?
  • Research Question: What are the foreground characteristics of climate migration across the world? 
    • ]]>     2022-11-26 16:50:18 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398665681     COP27 did not adress migration jakobzwirnmann https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398665840
  • UN estimation: as many as 220 million migrants from the effects of climate change by 2050
  • Ukraine War: no immigration to Russia 
  • Russia could possibly become World´s Breadbasket 
  • could improve Russia´s current geopolitical standing 
  • What are the geopolitical implications of climate migration? 
  • Which countries will be less affected by climate change and could thereby provide other countries with resources? 
    • ]]>     2022-11-26 16:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2398665840     people displaced because of climate change in Mexico: the sea eats a town https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2399215933 - out of 90 habitants of a community in Tabasco (a state in Mexico) 15 are at high risk of displacement and 30 already had to move due to rising sea levels 

    - more and more land area is "eaten" by the Gulf of Mexico 

    - the Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador is called out for his inaction

    - the habitants are demanding to be resettled 

    - Greenpeace is also calling for migrants who are displaced due to environmental impacts to be on the Agenda of COP27 

    - how could climate refugees/migrants/displaced people due to environmental changes be classified under UN law? 


    (sophia)


     ]]>     2022-11-27 18:00:43 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2399215933     https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2399229275 - "More people are being displaced by disasters — caused by the changing climate — than conflicts, reversing a historical trend." 

    - various different affects of climate change cause migration: storms, floods, extreme temperatures, droughts 

    - in 2020 almost 31 million people have been displaced due to climate change 

    - 76% of all newly caused displacements in 2020 due to disasters rather than war or conflict 

    -while some where confined to their homes and isolated due to the pandemic, while 40.5 million people where displaced (only nationally!!) and had to move most likely not adhering to any kind of safety standards 

    - is an international resettlement scheme feasible? how can we tackle these issues without one?

    Sophia


    ]]>     2022-11-27 18:25:14 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2399229275     In 2050, an estimate of 3 billion people will be living in climate hotspots https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2399975651 - At the COP 27, experts stated that in around 25 years the number of people living in hotspots vulnerable to climate warming will double

    - In these regions the mortality is around 15 times higher then in countries less vulnerable bc. of droughts, storms, floods etc. which will lead to forced migration of millions in the years/decade to come.

    - it is time for loss and damage, ambitious cut of emissions & climate friendly restructuring of the economy 

    questions:
    - Who are the people most affected by climate change?
    - What will be the implications of people living in climate hotspots?
    -  How could/should the international sphere (COP) address this?

    (Stella)]]>     2022-11-28 10:26:27 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2399975651     The century of climate migration: why we need to plan for the great upheaval https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400059463 - Main predictions: large populations will need to migrate across continents due to climate migrations, nations in northern latitudes will need to accommodate millions of migrants, demographic issues (North: "top-heavy" crises, global south: big increases in population)

    - Argues that surviving climate breakdown will require a planned and deliberate migration 

    Questions:  
    - What does the future in regards to climate migration look like? How many people will be at risk and where will they go?
    - How should we view the concept of migration ?
    - How can one envision a sustainable world in regards to migration and national boundaries ?

    Possible Research Question: 
    Which global policies could be employed in regards to climate-displaced people? 

    (Stella)
    ]]>     2022-11-28 11:44:38 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400059463     Climate migration is about to explode. Cities will bear the brunt. https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400265491 - climate migration will largely occur within countries (in the global south), from rural areas to urban areas
    - cities should receive private funding to create useful jobs for climate refugees

    QUESTIONS:
    - How can climate migration become beneficial to recieving cities?
    - How can cities in the global south generate funding for taking in and providing useful jobs to climate refugees?

    (Nino)
     ]]>     2022-11-28 14:12:35 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400265491     The town at the center of California’s climate refugee crisis https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400277074 Report on people displaced by fires in their town of Chico, California. The housing troubles, that began years before the fire, were exacerbated by the fire. Before the fire the county had already declared a shelter crisis, and then the fire displaced more than 50 000 people. This also increased social tensions in the town, with inhabitants concerned about “which homeless were deserving and which one’s were not” and treatening with “citizen’s arrests” and violence against “illegal campers” and their “helpers” — “Disaster Capitalism in action”.

    Questions:
    What happens when natural disasters are exacerbated by the climate crisis?
    What are the economic and social consequences?
    What are the institutions doing? County government, NGOs, companies?
    Who is the most disadvantaged?
    How are the residents doing?
    What did/does the housing market look like?

    (Francesca)
    ]]>     2022-11-28 14:18:42 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400277074     Communities 'rooted in this soil' face a managed retreat from climate change and rising waters https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400428460 Main ideas:
    • "Managed retreat" - planned relocation of people vulnerable to flooding and rising sea levels
    • People have intertwined cultural and economic ties to their homes
    • The threat of sea level rise to historically oppressed communities is exacerbated by continued economic development and gentrification, a lack of support from governments, and by the inherent risk to cultural history and life 

    Questions this piece answers:
    • Why is the idea of managed retreat a lifeline for some communities and the end of a way of life for others that are both facing loss of land due to climate change?
    • Which factors cause individuals to delay relocation when facing expected disasters like flooding and rising seas?

    (Sam)
    ]]>     2022-11-28 15:40:41 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400428460     Delay could mean death for climate migrants - Salinity forcing coastal people to move to the cities for livelihoods https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400429068 -Climate migration to Dhaka leads to an overburden system. Especially the liveability in slums is heavily affected as more people move there.

    -Salinity leads to a lack of fresh water supply and makes agriculture less productive and ultimately impossible. Drinking salt water has severe health consequences.

    -Bangladesh is a small emitter but extremely vulnerable to rising sea levels and salination. Therefore the foreign minister Dr AK Abdul Momen calls heavy polluters to meet their climate promises.

    Main questions:
    How many people are affected of salination in Bangladesh?
    What are the health risks of salination?
    What are the economic risks of salination?
    How do climate migrants affect hosting urban areas. 
    Question of climate justice.

    (Jonas)


    ]]>     2022-11-28 15:41:02 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400429068     Tangier Island, facing oblivion, waits to see: Will Congress help? https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400451282 Main ideas:
    • Majority in island community rapidly losing their island homes and jobs to rising sea levels do not believe in human-caused climate change, instead believe erosion is solely to blame
    • Sensational media coverage has boosted the town's profile and transformed the story into a national conversation over what actions the US federal government should take on behalf of coastal communities losing land
    • Government funding in this context was used to protect wildlife on uninhabited islands while human-inhabited islands had difficulty acquiring funding

    Questions this piece answers:
    • How do political beliefs and beliefs about climate change influence the strategies employed by people threatened by sea level rise who want to avoid relocation?
    • Which external social actors have vested interests in preventing the forced relocation of small communities experiencing sea level rise, and how is their support won?

    (Sam)


    ]]>     2022-11-28 15:52:32 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400451282     Climate migration predicted to rise in India as extreme weather worsens https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400481527
    Seasonal migration due to extreme weather events like floods, droughts cyclones is very common in UttarPradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. In a survey 70% responded, that they had to migrate after such an event.

    Many migrate as they cannot work in agriculture or fishing anymore and move to work in construction in urban areas.

    Social protection in India does not enhance people´s climate resilience.

    India is one of the most climate change vulnerable countries. There is a need to plan for the people who will have to move due to climate change.


    Main questions:

    Do people in UttarPradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan migrate because of seasonal extreme wether?

    What are basic proposals of reform in favour of climate migrants.

    (Jonas)

      ]]>     2022-11-28 16:09:24 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400481527     COP27: Antigua's PM asks 'Why should we live somewhere else?' as he says his people don't want to become climate refugees tomarminscheltwort https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400489487
  • At the COP27 summit, the topic of climate refugees from small island states is present, with the delegations of some small island states openly considering relocation

    • However, the PM of Antigua and Barbuda - a country not only facing the risk of sea level rise, but also severe drought - reports that people from the state are unwilling to relocate and abandoning the place where they lived for generations

    • Instead, the delegation, together with other small island states, aims to push for more ambitious and binding climate action, as well as compensation funds

    QUESTION ADDRESSED: What is the perspective of people affected by catastrophic implications of climate change (and their respective governments) on relocation as a consequence of chanes to the environment they live in?

    POSSIBLE RESEARCH QUESTION(s): What role does the possibility of relocation of climate change-affected people play for international climate negotiations? What role should it play?


    ]]>     2022-11-28 16:13:44 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400489487     Pacific climate migration muddied by legal confusion https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400522043 - People in the Pacific Islands often consider group rights as more important than individual rights. Thus, it is hard to establish a right to environmental migration based on an individualist human rights approach.
    - It is necessary to establish regional plans for environmental migration which account for different legal traditions of “old traditional law overlaid by modern national law”. 

    QUESTIONS
    - Which problems exist concerning environmental migration across Pacific Islands? 
    - How can regional migration for Pacific Islanders be dealt with? 

    (Nino)
    ]]>     2022-11-28 16:32:13 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400522043     Canada doesn’t appear to have a plan to welcome climate migrants tomarminscheltwort https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400560268
  • The Canadian government does not have a specified plan for how to deal with the expected rise in climate change-related migration

    • Distinction is made between fast-onset migration (after immediate desasters) and slow-onset migration (after long-term gradual environmental degradation). Especially the latter is often disregarded in policy-making in Western countries

    • Effects of climate change is global, vulnerability of populations is mainly constituted by local socio-economic conditions 

    • The legal term "refugee" is unfit for contemporary times, since it historically developed as protection against political and racial oppression, thus often not being applicable to people migrating for climate change-related reasons

    • The appropriate policy mix for countries like Canada ought to contain granting right of residence for affected people, paying in loss-and-damage fund and rapid decarbonisation

    QUESTION ADDRESSED: What do Canadian policy-makers do in relation to climate change-related migration? What ought they to do?

    POSSIBLE RESEARCH QUESTION: What changes to legal terms are necessary in countries like Canada for allowing just treatment of people migrating for climate change-related reasons?
    ]]>     2022-11-28 16:54:39 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400560268     La Nación (Argentina): Moving to escape natural disasters: the alarming number of climate migrants in the world and what's happening in Latin America https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400704976 -more and more people have to move because of climate change
    -new policies to address environmental migration (e.g., regarding replacement, mitigation)
    -most of environmental migration happens within countries (vs. cross-border migration)
    -migration from rural to urban areas
    -most vulnerable groups: women, children, and elderly people
    -interconnection of climate crisis, economic and political issues
    -implementation of a program in some Latin American countries to provide humanitarian visa for people affected by social-environmental disasters
    -importance of pan-national policy measures

    Questions answered:
    -Where are people most affected by displacements due to climate disasters/crisis?
    -What policy measures are already implemented to protect environmental migrants?

    Possible research question:
    -How does environmental migration and displacement affect urban areas (e.g., because of a dense population, more resource use)?

    (Lisa)

    ]]>     2022-11-28 18:24:29 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400704976     Devastating rains fuel major climate migrant crisis in southern Pakistan. aipewka https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400721694 URL: https://arab.news/byjj6
    • Hundreds of thousands of people in Pakistan are forced to migrate every year because of rapidly changing weather patterns.
    • Experts call for a national rehabilitation plan as Pakistan is expected to have around 2 million climate migrants by 2050.

    Pakistan officials blamed other countries for the irresponsible environmental practices due to climate change. 

    One of the climate migrant, Ameer Ali changed the place of residence 4 times due to cyclones, floods and harsh rains. Because of unstable climate, his family couldn’t earn and pay the rent. 

    -What are the consequences of climate 
    migration? 
    •Big cities suffer from a large influx of migrants with already poor planning and infrastructure. Climate crisis and migration effects social and economic dynamics and increased inequality 
    Many experts talk about the need for a rehabilitation plan to deal with migration caused by climate change. 
    ]]>     2022-11-28 18:34:52 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400721694     The Guardian: Port in a storm: the trailblazing town welcoming climate refugees in Bangladesh https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400777025 -climate crisis is fostering the migration from rural to urban areas (especially to the capital Dhaka)
    -about 20 million internal refugees by 2050
    -vision of "transformative adaptation": identification of cities that can take migrant in, offer jobs, and are resilient, for instance, because of protective infrastructure  (so called economic hubs)
    -"soft interventions" to integrate families into new home

    Questions answered:
    -What consequences is Bangladesh facing because of the climate crisis?
    -How does the country try to relocate people from endangered areas?
    -What is "transformative adaptation" and what role do economic hubs play in environmental migration?

    (Lisa)

    ]]>     2022-11-28 19:10:27 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400777025     People's Archive of Rural India - climate change in a coastal town https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400886101 Pranandita

    Ideas
    -        Slow coastal erosion in a town off the eastern coast of India documented for over 100 years has recently become more than 20 times faster in recent years, possibly due to climate change and associated extreme climate events such as cyclones. 
    -        Gradually receding coastline leads to slow displacement and very small-scale migration within the same town, very different from our typical view of migration as being something dramatic and long-distance.
    -        Families are forced to rebuild their houses again and again at great financial expense.
    -        Spatial reorganization of families has caused changes in the sociocultural makeup: for example, wealth upper-caste families were able to relocate inland while lower-caste families were forced to remain near the coast. This led to a weakening of oppressive caste traditions in the communities near the coast and increasing conversion to Christianity by lower-caste groups to escape caste-based humiliation and exploitation. 

    Questions 
    -        How have recent climate events exacerbated environmental pressures on coastal communities? 
    -        How does climate change lead to local, small-scale migration? 
    -        What measures have communities and governments employed to mitigate coastal erosion? Are they effective?
    -        How does climate change-related small-scale migration change traditional sociocultural norms? 

    https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/articles/oh-that-house-thats-in-the-sea-now-there/

    ]]>     2022-11-28 20:31:53 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400886101     The Guardian - migrant-friendly town planning in Bangladesh https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400887532 Pranandita

    Ideas
    -        Bangladesh one of the worst affected countries due to climate change – worsening seasonal floods, increasing severity of cyclones, erratic monsoons (on which they depend for agriculture)  
    -        Climate change increases internal migration – projected to have 19.9 million internal climate refugees by 2050, nearly half the predicted number for all of South Asia (World Bank)
    -        Plan to alleviate pressure on overpopulated centres of immigration with poor living conditions (such as the capital Dhaka) by developing multiple ‘satellite towns’ near economic hubs as migrant-friendly towns
    -        The port city of Mongla first to be implemented – already underwent infrastructural development to mitigate climate risks
    -        Migrants employed in the port and export processing zone
    -        City actively plans to attract and integrate climate migrants, including measures for reducing host-migrant conflicts 

    Questions 
    -        What are the impacts of climate change on internal migration in Bangladesh? 
    -        How can countries such as Bangladesh channel internal migration to alleviate pressure on immigration hotspots such as large overpopulated cities with poor living conditions? 
    -        What infrastructural capacities can climate-vulnerable cities build for climate resilience? 
    -        What are some plans adopted for providing employment to migrants and ensuring their social and cultural integration? 

    https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jan/24/port-in-a-storm-the-trailblazing-town-welcoming-climate-refugees-in-bangladesh

    ]]>     2022-11-28 20:33:14 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400887532     The Diplomat: For Climate Migrants, Bangladesh Offers Promising Alternatives https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400952383
  • The city Mongla in Bangladesh offers a new home for climate migrants from low-lying areas in Bangladesh
  • The city is presented as a success story due to climate-resilient infrastructure and economic opportunities
  • Bangladesh plans to build more satellite towns for climate refugees to provide alternatives to moving to big cities
  • According to the World Bank, there will be more than 19 million climate refugees in Bangladesh by 2050
  • Questions
    • How does Bangladesh address the issue of climate migration?
    • Which measures are implemented in the city for climate adaptation?
    • How does Mongla provide economic opportunities for climate migrants?
    • (Hannah K.)
    ]]>     2022-11-28 21:42:26 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400952383     Climate change threat – Fiji, moving villages inundated by rising seas, wants big emitters to pay solveigdegen https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400971958
  • Many coastal villages in Fiji must make difficult decisions about their future and seek government support for expensive adaptation or resettlement projects. Resettlement is highly debated and sometimes resisted in communities. 
  • The Fijian government urges industrialized countries to pay for loss and damages, particularly providing funds for resettlement projects. 
  • Current international development funds only cover measures for dealing with rising sea levels (e.g. dams, planting mangroves), but do not provide enough to finance large-scale resettlement. 
  • Fiji is the first Pacific island nation that relocated a community due to rising sea levels in 2014. A further 795 communities will need to move as climate change progresses. 

    • Main Questions: 
    • What are the current challenges Fijian communities face due to climate change and how do they respond to these challenges? 
    • What are the problems of rising sea levels to local communities?
    • How is the problem of rising sea levels addressed in international politics? 
    • What does the Fijian government demand from developed countries? 

    Possible Research Question: 
    • How are different adaptation strategies negotiated in Fijian communities? What are the influencing factors for communities to choose one option over the other? 
    • Are (current) loss and damage provisions from industrial countries from an environmental justice perspective enough in consideration of their historical responsibility for climate change?
    ]]>     2022-11-28 22:07:43 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400971958     Refugee's bid for protected status due to climate crisis in Kiribati rejected solveigdegen https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400996967 A Refugee from Kiribati bid for protected status in New Zealand (NZ) due to the climate crisis. 

    The bid was rejected by an NZ court, despite a UN ruling saying it is unlawful to return people to countries where their lives might be threatened by the climate crisis.

    The NZ tribunal found the man did not meet the threshold to receive protected refugee status due to climate change, because, although there is some erosion, there is no concrete evidence that "his land has been eroded to a point of no utility". 

    Main Questions: 
    • What are the conditions a person affected by climate change has to meet to apply for refugee status? 
    • Have there been precedent cases in the past? 
    • What were the reasons for the NZ court to decide the man is not eligible for refugee status protection?

    Possible Research Question: 
    • To what extent are the rights of climate refugees covered by the current UN Human Rights framework? Should there be an amendment to the provision in order to cover a more comprehensive understanding of Human Rights? What are the different positions in academic literature?
    ]]>     2022-11-28 22:42:21 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2400996967     The Manila Times - Millions at risk of climate displacement in Middle East https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401021236
  • In countries of the Middle East millions of people could be displaced through climate change
  • The main reasons for climate-induced migration in the Middle East are decreased agricultural production and rising sea water levels
  • Climate change decreases precipitation and availability of freshwater and increases dependencies on water imports
  • Disputes over natural resources can cause violent conflicts
  • The international community should provide financial support for climate adaptation in the Global South
  • Questions
    • How will climate change affect agricultural production and water scarcity in the Middle East?
    • What are the main reasons for climate-induced migration in countries in the Middle East?
    • Why is the Middle East particularly affected by climate change impacts and climate migration?
    • (Hannah K.)
    ]]>     2022-11-28 23:20:45 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401021236     Flooding of the Fiji Islands: How to resettle an entire country? aylat3998 https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401087791
  • no country has come as far as Fiji with regard to resettlement of entire villages affected by climate change (sea water rise, cyclones...) - governemental plan SOP: "Standard Operating Procedures for Planned Resettlement"
  • hereby, resettlement as a last resort after other policies (e.g. building of protective dams) do not suffice anymore
  • however, village resettlement is a complex and touchy issue 
    • includes social, cultural and religious factors e.g. traumatic experience of leaving one's home, ancestors, graveyards 
    • often takes long, sometimes live in provisional tents for more than 2 years
  • decisive factors for possibility of resettlement are availability of scarce resources of LAND, WOOD to rebuild, and MONEY:
    • land can be source of conflict (Tukuraki case)
    • not enough money (government and foreign support too little)

    • QUESTION: What are the decisive components to determine whether resettlement can happen (successfully) in the context of different villages in Fiji? In which cases has resettlement been (partially) successful and which not, and why? 

    POSSIBLE RESEARCH QUESTION: What constitute the potential complexities and hurdles of planned resettlement? How can the resettlement-plan be designed in a participatory and inclusive way to ensure that wishes of those affected are best integrated?
    ]]>     2022-11-29 00:40:45 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401087791     They will be the first climate refugees in south america aliluca https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401624690 - In 30 years they will have to leave their current homes.
    - The panama government is building 300 houses for the refugees, but for 30.000 people the future is still uncertain.

    Question:
    - How does the future of the natives of Guna Yala look like?

    (Luca Ali)]]>     2022-11-29 09:40:19 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401624690     Climate Change: Morocco must expect increasing migration flows (published 16.11.2022) https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401626999
    https://lematin.ma/express/2022/changement-climatique-maroc-aura-flux-migratoire-croissants/383236.html

    (Lucia Behring)

    - Article describes how the interplay of climate change, low-developped African agricultural sectors and a growing population will lead to increasing poverty in many Southern African countries 
    - This will subsequently lead to migration flows to Europe --> will put specifically Northern African 'migratory transition' countries under pressure
    - Article focuses on Morocco as one of those countries 
    - Morocco thereby becomes a country with stark immigration and emigration (although emigration is decreasing with increasingly selective migration policies of European countries) 
    - This poses many challenges for Moroccan economy and society, the article describes national policy plans the Moroccan government issued in order to address the migratory flows in the country (legalization and regularization of migrants) 

    Questions: 
    - What challenges do climate-induced migratory flows pose for 'countries of transit' that are neither start nor end of the migration? 
    - How can these countries address/support migrants? 
    - How might migration flows alter demographic situations of 'countries of transit'? 

    Possible Research Question: 
    - What are the consequences of increasing climate-induced migratory flows on 'countries of transit' and how can they be addressed through national policy? ]]>     2022-11-29 09:42:21 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401626999     Climate change: The roar of the sea displaces the natives aliluca https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401648972 - Because of overpopulation, sea level rise and garbage brought by the sea tides the residents of the Guna Yala region have to leave their current homes in the coming decades.
    - The displacement process is starting with Gardí Sudbug, the island facing the most pressing dangers. The relocation site is 15 minutes from their current residence.
    - The natives lay a big emphasis on kepping their culture and customs intact even in the new environment.
    - The new housing complex is built with modern facilities which don't mirror the Guna Yala people's current sanitary customs, so the authorities hae launced training programs as well.
    - The sea level rose with an avarage of 2 mm per ear in the last 100 years but the process shows acceleration (2.4 mm) in the last 50 years.

    Questions:
    - Will a successful displacement program mean the imitation of the same measures elsewhere?
    - Is it possible to keep the native culture and tradition in a completely new environment?

    (Luca Ali)]]>     2022-11-29 10:02:04 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401648972     Climate Flight Within Germany: Some Areas Are Not Inhabitable Anymore (published 21.07.2022) https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401728014 https://www.nationalgeographic.de/umwelt/2022/07/klimaflucht-innerhalb-deutschlands-manche-flaechen-sind-nicht-mehr-besiedelbar

    (Lucia Behring)

    - Since the massive floods in Ahrtal in Germany, the German Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz (Office for Civil Protection) is concerned with defining areas in Germany that are vulnerable to climate change risks (floods, storms) 
    - That climate change poses a severe risk to certain areas needs to be addressed through risk-management policies 
    - The Office for Civil Protection is also starting to draft re-settling programmes for certain areas when the riskmanagement does not suffice
    - However, the focus is first on adaptation, then on resettling

    Questions: 
    - How can increasing climate change risks be addressed on local levels?
    - What measures can be taken so that resettling can be avoided? 

    Possible Research Question: 
    - What measures can be installed to effectively contirbute to adaptation to increasing climate risks to avoid massive resettling schemes? ]]>     2022-11-29 11:13:55 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401728014     Germany's "climate refugees", Zeit Online, 06/22 https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401870186 Available only in german: Flutkatastrophe im Ahrtal: Deutschlands Klimaflüchtlinge | ZEIT ONLINE 

    • Report on “Germany’s climate refugees” after last year’s flood in Ahrtal, Germany. The report superficially illustrates the impact of the flood on residents and their lives. 
    • Tells story of two different families who were heavily affected by the flood and lost their home and restaurant.
    • Focuses on emotions and personal stories
    • However, just a small section about global environmental migration. Chapter headline: “Million climate refugees worldwide? Now also in Germany?” → Equalisation of “clime refugees” 

    Questions? 
    • Million climate refugees worldwide? Now also in Germany?
    • How do affected people deal with their situation? 
    • How does the behaviour of affected people differ? 
    • How scared/aware are people in terms of future weather disasters?
    • What should be done to prevent events like these?

    (Konrad)

    ]]>     2022-11-29 13:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2401870186     [translation] Climate migration in the Central American dry corridor https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402080394 - ecosystems have been severely affected, leading to droughts and water shortages
    - there is still very little literature on climate migration
    - Individuals don't emigrate because of the droughts, instead due to lack of food and the lost income that are brought about by them.
    - It is difficult to isolate the environmental causes that lead to migration, because there are multiple factors interacting.

    Questions:
    - How do the consequences of climate change affect the Central American dry corridor? 
    - What are difficulties in the analysis of climate migration?

    Possible Reasearch Question:
    How does climate change influence the economic situation of inhabitants of the Central American dry corridor?

    (Mira Kraus)


    ]]>     2022-11-29 15:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402080394     UNHCR: One million people displaced by drought in Somalia https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402102311 - Somalia is witnessing a two-year historic dry spell
    - More and more families are forced to leave everything behind because there is literally no water or food left in their villages.
    - Hunger levels increase due to the effects of climate change, and rising food prices because of the conflict in Ukraine.
    - The international community must step up to save lives and support this humanitarian response.

    Question:
    Why are 1 million people displaced?

    Possible Research Question:
    How can displacement risks be reduced in Somalia?

    (Mira Kraus)



    ]]>     2022-11-29 15:28:32 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402102311     Climate migration front and centre at COP27 in Egypt https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402105158 - The climate crisis is expected to create the largest human displacement in modern history
    - Emitters like Canada have to recognize their responsibility to climate migrants
    -Canadians have a misunderstanding about climate migration. Not extreme weather events, but agricultural impacts are the main driver forcing people to leave their communities.
    - climate and economic migration are almost always connected now
    - global leaders mostly focus on “managed migration”- “controlling the flow of people”
     
     Questions:
     What role does climate migration play in (international) climate discussions? How is it framed?
    What does climate justice have to do with migrant justice?
    What are the drivers of climate migration?
    Is climate migration distinct from economic migration?
    What is Canada’s responsibility to countries already severely affected by climate change and climate migrants? 
     
    (Katharina)
    ]]>     2022-11-29 15:30:11 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402105158     First cases of “climate refugees” in the United States of America https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402123478 The Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana (land of the Isle de Jean Charles Band of Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians) is now deserted due to sea level rise. On September 2nd 2022 its last inhabitants officially leave the island. US American media announces “the first climate refugees in the US”. The article thus analyses the usage of the word refugee in this context and raises the questions of whether these were the first climate refugees in the US.

    Questions:
    • Are they refugees without having crossed a border?
    • Does the legal status of “climate refugee” exist?
    • Were the inhabitants of the Isle de Jean Charles really the first US American climate refugees? What makes them different from others displaced by natural disasters?
    • Who is financing the relocation of these people?
    • Why is the island disappearing into the sea?
    • What does this mean for displaced persons in other areas of the world, especially the Global South?

    (Francesca)
    ]]>     2022-11-29 15:40:20 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402123478     How 'transformative adaptation' in the Bangladesh coastal town of Mongla became a 'safe home for climate refugees' https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402170956 The selected news pieces present migration-based adaptation strategies to climate change. 

    By focusing on actions taken by low-income countries these are portrayed as active agents of climate adaptation. Simultaneously, migration is used as a solution strategy and not only portrayed as a problem. 

    => counternarrative to a discourse that conceptualizes: 
    - migration as a problem and 
    - low-income countries solely as passive victims entirely dependent on the help by other actors (e.g. countries of the Global North). 

    Questions asked:
    How does Bangladesh cope with the incumbent internal (climate) migration?
    What are opportunities/potential positive outcomes of migration? 

    Potential Research Question:
    Under what conditions does the influx of labour force to a local labour market lead to non-negative effects for hitherto existing working conditions (including wages)? 

    [Leonard Weber]]]>     2022-11-29 16:08:59 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402170956     In the Face of Climate Change, Migration Offers an Adaptation Strategy in Africa https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402241841 https://www.iom.int/news/face-climate-change-migration-offers-adaptation-strategy-africa

    The selected news pieces present migration-based adaptation strategies to climate change. 

    By focusing on actions taken by low-income countries these are portrayed as active agents of climate adaptation. Simultaneously, migration is used as a solution strategy and not only portrayed as a problem.  

    • In African countries people have employed diverse strategies of migration to handle the climatic conditions (e.g. the nomadic population)
    • Migration is recognised as source of resilience
    • African states recognise migration as "development enabler"

    Questions posed by the Author:
    • What role can migration have in the sphere of climate adaptation?
    • How did people(s) deal with changing climate conditions in the past?
    • To what extent is migration as a solution to climate change voiced by (African) states?

    Gaps:
    • The comittment by the states seems to be rather wea (no concrete proposals beyond vague statements) 

    Potential research Questions:
    • Which social institutions enable nomadic migration and how can these be tranferred to other cases of climate migration? 

    (Leonard Weber)
    ]]>     2022-11-29 16:52:02 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402241841     Vanishing Land: Climate Change displaces Black Families along Gulah-Geechee corridor aylat3998 https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402344750
  • Gullah-Geechee corridor is a National Heritage Area for historically displaced Black communities erected to recognize culture and preserve heritage of descendants of the enslaved
  • With rapid sea level rise and disasters and flooding becoming worse and worse, more and more people in the historic Gullah communities are forced to leave their land --> people in the corridor are "some of the most climate-threatened people in the world"
  • demonstrates an illustrative example of displacement of Black communities due to a combination of climate-related events, land loss and unaffordability
  • policies such as the National Flood Insurance Program are not prepared for chronic climate change-related disasters
  • Michael Allen, a retired Park ranger in the Gullah area argues that an equitable climate relocation should aim to ensure continuation of lineage, heritage and culture of those forced to migrate

    • QUESTIONS: 
    How are Black communities living in the coastal Gullah-Corridor in South Carolina, USA, (negatively) affected by climate change? How are historically-grown socio-economic and spatial inequalities exacerbated along racial divides? 

    POSSIBLE RESEARCH QUESTION: How can adaptation strategies be improved to better target affected and under-resourced communities from a decolonial and environmental justice perspective? 
    More specifically, how can climate-related relocation strategies be designed in a bottom-up and participatory way to work towards more equitable and decolonial adaptation that seeks to preserve cultural heritage? 

    ]]>     2022-11-29 17:55:48 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402344750     Climate migration is rising – but ‘home’ remains very dear to the displaced https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402354911 Paul Gross

    Interview with Elizabeth Fussell, professor at Brown University.
    - Anticipatory environmental migration is becoming more common, as people decide to move away while they still have choices.
    -  Social inequalities tend to be exacerbated by disasters. 
    - People whose homes are threatened by climate change may feel an increased bond to their place. Those who leave their home remain attached to it.

    Questions:
    - What are causes for environmental migration and which regions are most affected by displacements?
    - How do social inequalities factor into environmental migration?
    - How is one’s attachment to a place affected by environmental migration?

    ]]>     2022-11-29 18:03:02 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402354911     East Africa and the Horn light the way for climate migrants https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402359379 Paul Gross

    - In 2021, 2.6 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa were displaced due to environmental disasters, driving internal and cross-country migration.
    - The interrelatedness of climate change and migration is increasingly acknowledged at all levels in Africa in legal and policy framework. With the Kampala Declaration and the IGAD protocol, East Africa and the Horn have recognized environmental migration as an adaptation strategy that should be facilitated. 

    Questions:
    - What is environmental migration in East Africa and what are its causes?
    - What is the role of regional cooperation in the area – especially the Kampala Declaration and the IGAD protocol –  for environmental migration?



    ]]>     2022-11-29 18:06:12 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402359379     Inform people about climate change to reduce conflict, violence with migrants in South Africa (Gabriel) https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402482621 -      How are people in South-East Africa affected by climate change and its destructive consequences?
     Which population group suffers the most from natural disasters
    caused by climate change?
    -      How have women dealt with these natural disasters?
    -     Why do climate refugees come to South Africa?
    -      How are climate refugees treated in South Africa?
     What can be done to improve the situation of climate refugees in South Africa right now and in the future (in particular of women)?

    ]]>     2022-11-29 19:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402482621     Title in English: Climate migrations. From where and where do people move due to the effects of climate change. https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402493844 URL: https://iq.hse.ru/news/645594361.html 

      Short-term natural disasters and long-term climatic processes - from rising sea levels to melting glaciers and soil degradation - make people want to move to where it is safer and where there are no problems with food and water.  Recently, more and more people are forced to move to safe and livable places.   
     This article, published on June 6, 2022, answers questions about who are climate migrants, who is most affected, what are the consequences of climate change, which threatens drylands.
      Which areas are most vulnerable to climate change?
    There are three types of such territories: coasts and islands, arid regions and mountainous regions.  Permafrost regions deserve special attention, where migration flows can increase with the activation of ice melting.
    For coasts and islands, the main risks are associated with rising sea levels.  Since 1993, it has increased by almost 10 cm. In the last decade, the annual growth rate is 3.6 mm.  Sea level rise forecasts range from 0.3 to 1.1 m by the end of the century.  This means the threat of flooding of low coastal areas.  In Europe alone, 13 million people could be affected by a rise in the level of the World Ocean by one meter.  In this sense, the population of the coastal territories of the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Poland, and Denmark is vulnerable.  But the most vulnerable are the densely populated countries of South and Southeast Asia.  An increase in sea level by half a meter could lead to the migration of 5.5 million people in Bangladesh alone.

    By Aiperi Atakanova
     ]]>     2022-11-29 19:36:31 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402493844     Prepare for mass migration to cities in climate crisis, UK mayors warn (the Guardian) gabrielbittau https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402503328  

    -      What is mass migration to cities like right now and what is it going to look like in the future?
    -       What have the mayors of London and Bristol done so far to tackle climate emergency-related migration?
    -      What can national governments do to assist cities in their efforts?
    -       What role can cities play in tackling climate-emergency caused migration globally?

    ]]>     2022-11-29 19:43:48 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402503328     Advocates Push for Canada to Protect Climate Migrants https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402540707 Key points:
    -       Group of Canadian lawyers pushing for changes in Canadian immigration policy to better account for displacement or migration related to climate change as numbers rise
    -       Climate migrants are not recognized under current law, and so the term needs to be legally defined and adopted by legislation 
    -       There are existing policy options within Canadian immigration law that could be applied to climate-related migrants 
    -       It’s important to note that Canada is also experiencing internal migration related to climate impacts
    -       This notably impacts Indigenous communities (such as First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) who have not only been faced with continuous forced displacement by settlers, but are also disproportionately affected by climate change. 

    Some Questions:
    How can Canadian immigration law better account for and protect climate migrants? Can existing immigration law in Canada successfully account for and protect incoming climate migrants? How is Canada dealing with internally displaced climate migrants, especially Indigenous peoples?

    (Emmanuelle)
    ]]>     2022-11-29 20:16:00 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402540707     3.4 million people have been displaced by flooding in west and central Africa https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402543057 Key points: 
    -       More than 3.4 million people have been displaced due to flooding in west and central Africa
    -       Nigeria’s worst floods in a decade have killed hundreds, and 1.3 million residents have been displaced. 
    -       The climate crisis is happening now, and the link to displacement is “clear and growing”
    -       Floods in Chad, Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso have also led to hundreds of deaths, even more displaced (in Chad alone 1 million) 
    -       In contrast, the Horn of Africa is faced with the worst drought in 40 years 
    -       Nigeria is faced with floods every year due to failing infrastructure and “non-adherence to environmental guidelines”. Authorities blame in part the release of excess water from a dam in neighbouring region in Cameroon. 

    Some questions:
    How are the effects of climate change felt by countries in Central and Western Africa? What other explanations exist for such extreme floods? What are the results of these floods for people? 

    (Emmanuelle)
    ]]>     2022-11-29 20:18:09 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402543057     (translated) Climate Refugees in the US - Sinking island off New Orleans drives people to flee https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402574907 - Island of Jean Charles in the Gulf of Mexico has sunk from five kilometers width in the 1950s to 300m 
    - Multiple reasons for this: e..g digging of channels for better access to oil drilling rigs
     - Increasingly violent hurricanes due to climate change also play a role in making the island more and more uninhabitable
    - Native people (Houma) opposed to Louisiana government resettlement project 
    - Resist being labeled as modern-day climate refugees, see themselves as being displaced once again

    Questions:
    What are the drivers behind the sinking of the Island of Jean Charles?
    What is native people’s view on government resettlement projects?
    How do people being labeled as climate refugees see and label their status themselves? 

    (Katharina)
    ]]>     2022-11-29 20:49:26 UTC https://padlet.com/maddalenalandi/y6fh65h5nczr8gy5/wish/2402574907