We use comparatives and superlatives to say how people or things are different. We use a comparative adjective to express how two people or things are different, and we use a superlative adjective to show how one person or thing is different to all the others of its kind. For example,

Now let’s focus on the details of how to create each of these adjectives.

Comparative adjectives enable us to express the difference between two people or things. In order to say that someone or something has a superior quality, size, or characteristic, you need to use ‘more’. Instead, when you want to say that someone or something has an inferior quality, size, or characteristic, you must use ‘less’.

The way we make a comparative with ‘more’ depends on the length of the word. There are three different cases:

1) More for long adjectives.

If an adjective has two or more syllables, we add the word ‘more’ in front to create the comparative form. For example:

2) -er for short adjectives

If an adjective has one syllable, or two syllables with -y as the second syllable, we add -er to create the comparative. For example:

As you can see in the first example, if an adjective ends in a vowel and consonant (e.g. big) you need to double the final consonant. For example, bigger, fatter, thinner.

3) Irregular comparatives

As is often the case in English, there are some adjectives that are irregular and don’t follow these rules. Here are the irregular comparatives:

far – further (U.K. English) farther (US English)

For example,

When you refer to the two people/things you are comparing, you need to use ‘than’. For example,

But if it’s clear what you’re referring to, it’s also possible to make a comparison without repeating one of the things, and in this case you don’t need to use ‘than’. For example,

We use ‘less’ to say that someone or something has an inferior quality, size or characteristic. It’s easy to use because you simply put ‘less’ in front of any adjective. For example:

We use superlatives to compare one person or thing to several others. For example,

This means that I’ve seen several cities and I consider Paris as the number one in terms of being beautiful.

In a similar way to comparatives, there are two ways to use superlatives. When you want to say that one person or thing is superior to all others in that group, you need to use ‘the most’. When you want to say that one person or thing is inferior to all others in that group, you need to use ‘the least’.

Similarly to comparatives, we use ‘the most’ in different ways according to the length of the adjectives:

1) The most for long adjectives.

If an adjective has two or more syllables, we add ‘the most’ in front to create the superlative form. For example:

2) -est for short adjectives

If an adjective has one syllable, or two syllables with -y as the second syllable, we add -est to create the superlative. For example:

As with comparatives, if an adjective ends in a vowel and consonant (e.g. sad) you need to double the final consonant. For example, saddest, fittest, hottest.

3) Irregular superlatives

The same adjectives that are irregular for comparatives are also irregular for the superlative form:

far – furthest (U.K. English) farthest (US English)

Here are some examples:

Also known as subject+verb+object in Past Continuous Tense, it is valid as the SVO rule in English. However, after the subject, the verb was/were, which is the past tense equivalent of the auxiliary verb "be", is used and the verb is used by adding the -ing suffix to its initial form.

The grammar rules of the Past Continuous Tense are as follows:

When  the teacher entered the class, Zeynepq was sleeping.

When    I arrived home, my mother was ironing the clothes.

When  the alarm clock rang, I was sleeping.