11C | 1. Kinetic Theory & States of Matter by Diana Garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr Summary 1. The particulate nature of matter en-us 2020-08-20 21:30:15 UTC 2024-05-21 22:06:09 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ea.png Kinetic Theory diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690498416 The word kinetic refers to motion.
This theory explains the states of matter, based on the concept that all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion.
  • The energy an object has because of its motion is called kinetic energy.
  • According to the kinetic theory, all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion.
  • The particles in a gas are usually molecules or atoms.
]]> 2020-08-20 21:38:55 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690498416 diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690499949 2020-08-20 21:40:19 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690499949 diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690500221 Low pressures and high temperatures favor gases, in which particles move randomly in constant, high-speed motion.]]> 2020-08-20 21:40:35 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690500221 diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690501295 At higher pressures and lower temperatures, the particles slow down and exert attractive forces on one another, producing a liquid.]]> 2020-08-20 21:41:33 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690501295 diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690501686 At still higher pressures and lower temperatures, the particles become fixed in orderly arrangements, producing solids.]]> 2020-08-20 21:41:56 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690501686 diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690502213 2020-08-20 21:42:25 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690502213 Gasses diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690525921 The kinetic theory as it applies to gases includes the following fundamental assumptions about gases.
  1. The particles in a gas are considered to be small, hard spheres with an insignificant volume.
  2. The motion of particles in a gas is rapid, constant, and random.
  3. The motion of particles in a gas is rapid, constant, and random.
]]> 2020-08-20 22:04:16 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690525921 How does kinetic theory explain gas pressure? diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690533939 Gas pressure is the result of billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas simultaneously colliding with an object.]]> 2020-08-20 22:12:06 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690533939 What is the relationship between the temperature in kelvins and the average kinetic energy of particles? diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690536027 The Kelvin temperature of a substance is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substance.]]> 2020-08-20 22:14:09 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690536027 Liquids diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690635248 What factors determine the physical properties of a liquid?
  • The interplay between the disruptive motions of particles in a liquid and the attractions among the particles determines the physical properties of liquids.
]]> 2020-08-20 23:53:35 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690635248 What is the relationship between evaporation and kinetic energy? diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690637000 During evaporation, only those molecules with a certain minimum kinetic energy can escape from the surface of the liquid.
  • Even some of the particles that do escape collide with molecules in the air and rebound back into the liquid.
]]> 2020-08-20 23:55:25 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690637000 Why heating a liquid causes evaporation to occur faster? diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690638748 Evaporation occurs when particles have enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces holding the particles together in a liquid. Heating a liquid increases the average kinetic energy of its particles. Increasing the average kinetic energy increases the number of particles with enough energy to escape the liquid by evaporating.]]> 2020-08-20 23:57:09 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690638748 Under what conditions does boiling occur? diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690640349 When a liquid is heated to a temperature at which particles throughout the liquid have enough kinetic energy to vaporize, the liquid begins to boil.
  • The boiling point (bp) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid.
]]> 2020-08-20 23:58:47 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690640349 Solids diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690653786 How are the structure and properties of solids related?
The general properties of solids reflect the orderly arrangement of their particles and the fixed locations of their particles.
  • The melting point (mp) is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
]]> 2020-08-21 00:11:43 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690653786 In general, ionic solids have high melting points because relatively strong forces hold them together. diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690657524 Why solids do not flow, even though their particles are constantly moving?
In a solid, the particles are packed tightly together and vibrate around fixed points. Even though the particles vibrate, they are limited in their movement and cannot flow.]]> 2020-08-21 00:15:35 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690657524 Changes of State diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690664243 When can sublimation occur?
  • Sublimation occurs in solids with vapor pressures that exceed atmospheric pressure at or near room temperature.
]]> 2020-08-21 00:22:35 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690664243 States of Matter diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690665903 2020-08-21 00:24:19 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690665903 Iodine is an example of a substance that undergoes sublimation. diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690669491 2020-08-21 00:27:52 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690669491 Keep in mind! diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690671149 2020-08-21 00:29:29 UTC https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690671149 Brownian Motion diana_garnica https://padlet.com/diana_garnica/y4y0e2k3o9a7hxr/wish/690693705 The chaotic movement of colloidal particles, which was first observed by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown (1773–1858), is called Brownian motion.
  • Brownian motion is caused by collisions of the molecules of the dispersion medium with the small, dispersed colloidal particles.
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