S.A RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. by YAGO GUTIÉRREZ GARCÍA

1. 1905 Revolution 1905:

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In 1905, Russian expansion into Asia resulted in a war with Japan, whose defeat aggravated an economic crisis, leading to unrest and the Revolution of 1905. On January 9, crowds marched to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, demanding reforms. They were brutally repressed on "Bloody Sunday." Protests continued for months, with peasants and workers forming soviets, such as the one in Petrograd, led by Leon Trotsky. Tsar Nicholas II made concessions with the October Manifesto, creating the Duma, but then ignored his commitments and continued to rule without parliament.

2. 1th World War.

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Russia in the First World War belonged to the Triple Entente that was originally formed by Germany, Great Britain and Russia, although in 1915 Italy joined.

Russia was not prepared for war but the Zaar forced them to go.

This state was the one that had the most deaths. Faced with this discontent, the people revolutionized, and Russia left the war in 1917.

3.February Revolution of 1917

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In 1917, Russia, weakened by its participation in World War I, faced military defeats and shortages, leading to discontent and protests. Violent repression increased opposition to the tsar's government. On February 23, there was a demonstration in Petrograd, and two days later a general strike paralyzed the city. On February 26, troops brutally suppressed the protesters, but joined them the next day. Finally, on March 2, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, and a provisional government was formed led by the moderate socialist Aleksandr Kerensky. Thus began the February Revolution of 1917.

4. October Revolution of 1917

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In October 1917, Lenin returned to Russia and joined the Petrograd Soviet. The next day, the Bolsheviks seized key points in the city and stormed the Winter Palace, arresting the provisional government, marking the beginning of the October Revolution. Under the leadership of Lenin and the new government (Council of People's Commissars), important changes were implemented: Russia withdrew from the First World War with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the lands of large landowners were expropriated and distributed among the peasants , the factories came under workers' control and the nationalities within Russia obtained the right to sovereignty.

5. The Russian Civil War

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Between 1918 and 1921, supporters of tsarism formed the White Army, with foreign support, to overthrow the Bolsheviks. In response, the Bolsheviks, led by Trotsky, organized the Red Army and won the civil war after executing the tsar in 1918. During the conflict, "war communism" was implemented, nationalizing industries and confiscating crops. Following the Bolshevik victory, a communist state was established, banning other parties and repressing strikes and protests.

6.Creation of the USSR (until 1927)

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In 1922 the USSR was founded, uniting several republics under a centralized communist government, with the goal of creating a classless society and spreading socialism. Lenin implemented the New Economic Policy (NEP) to recover the economy, allowing some private activity. After his death in 1924, disputes arose over power. By 1927, Stalin established himself as a leader, establishing a dictatorship, promoting industrialization and rigid control over society.