Canada Comparison by Theresa Frederic https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v Comparison of healthcare between Canada and the U.S. en-us 2023-04-04 23:45:57 UTC 2023-04-15 18:24:56 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f1e8-1f1e6.png Population: Canada tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2549607537 38.7 million people]]> 2023-04-11 03:50:43 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2549607537 References tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2549607694 1.   “Government Procurement.” United States Trade Representative, ustr.gov/issue-areas/government-procurement. Accessed 11 Apr. 2023.
2.   Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. “Discover Canada - Canada’s Economy - Canada.ca.” Canada.ca, 12 Apr. 2012, www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/publications-manuals/discover-canada/read-online/canadas-economy.html.
3.   Americans Value Independence and Self-Determination.
4.   The White House. “The Executive Branch.” The White House, 2021, www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/.
5.   Diaconu, Viorela, et al. “Modal Lifespan and Disparity at Older Ages by Leading Causes of Death: A Canada-U.S. Comparison.” Journal of Population Research (Canberra, A.C.T.), U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686011/#CR20. 
6.   “Diabetes Statistics.” DRIF, 31 Mar. 2023, https://diabetesresearch.org/diabetes-statistics/.
7.   “Diabetes in Canada.” DiabetesCanadaWebsite, https://www.diabetes.ca/advocacy---policies/advocacy-reports/national-and-provincial-backgrounders/diabetes-in-canada. 
8.   “Burden of Cigarette Use in the U.S.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Aug. 2022, https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/resources/data/cigarette-smoking-in-united-states.html. 
9.   “Current Smoking Prevalence.” Tobacco Use in Canada, 8 Feb. 2023, https://uwaterloo.ca/tobacco-use-canada/adult-tobacco-use/smoking-canada/current-smoking-prevalence. 
10.  “FastStats - Life Expectancy.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Feb. 2023, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/life-expectancy.htm. 
11.  “FASTSTATS - Deaths and Mortality.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 17 Jan. 2023, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm.
12.  L;, Bushnik T;Tjepkema M;Martel. “Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy in Canada.” Health Reports, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668029/.
13.  “Mortality Rate, Infant (per 1,000 Live Births) - Canada.” World Bank Open Data, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?locations=CA.
14.  Ridic, Goran, et al. “Comparisons of Health Care Systems in the United States, Germany and Canada.” Materia Socio-Medica, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633404/.
15.   Roosa Tikkanen, et al. “Canada.” Home, 5 June 2020. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/canada#universal-coverage
16.   Roosa Tikkanen, et al. “United States.” Home, 5 June 2020. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/united-states
17.   “National Health Expenditure Trends, 2022 - Snapshot.” CIHI. https://www.cihi.ca/en/national-health-expenditure-trends-2022-snapshot
18.   “Nhe Fact Sheet.” CMS.https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet
19.  “Canada: Summary.” Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 31 Jan. 2023, https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/others/comparative-health-policy-library/canada-summary#:~:text=Canada%20has%20universal%20health%20coverage,five%20pillars%20of%20that%20act.&text=The%20system%20must%20be%20universal,and%20accessible%20to%20the%20population.
20.  5 The Health Care Delivery System - National Center for Biotechnology...https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221227/.
21.   McAlister, Finlay A, et al. “Comparing Canadian Health Care to That in Other Countries: Looking beyond the Headlines.” CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 26 Feb. 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5826705/#:~:text=A%20recent%20analysis%20from%20the,in%20the%20Commonwealth%20Fund%20Report.
22.  Nisha Kurani and Emma Wager Twitter   KFF, et al. “How Does the Quality of the U.S. Health System Compare to Other Countries?” Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker, 23 Sept. 2022, https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/quality-u-s-healthcare-system-compare-countries/#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20ranks%20last%20in,by%20timely%20and%20effective%20care.
23.  Canada, Health. “Government of Canada.” Canada.ca, / Gouvernement Du Canada, 4 Apr. 2023, https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canada-health-care-system.html.
24.   Lubin, Gus. “10 Reasons Why the US Health Care System Is the Envy of the World.” Business Insider, Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/10-reasons-why-the-us-health-care-system-is-the-envy-of-the-world-2010-3. 



]]> 2023-04-11 03:50:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2549607694 Population: U.S. tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2549608149 339.59 million people]]> 2023-04-11 03:51:33 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2549608149 Values: Canada tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550327284 Canada's values are: 
* Democracy
* Peace
* Order and good government
* The rule of law 
* Diversity]]> 2023-04-11 15:13:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550327284 Economy: Canada tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550352558
  • Trading nation
  • Three main types of industries:
    •          * Service industry: 75% of working Canadians work in the service industry
             * Manufacturing industry
             * Natural Resource industry
    ]]>     2023-04-11 15:33:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550352558     Economy: U.S. tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550352563
  • Capitalist economy
  • World's largest national economy
  • Leading global trader
    • ]]>     2023-04-11 15:33:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550352563     Values: U.S. tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550380075 The U.S's values are: 
    * Independence
    * Individualism
    * Democracy 
    * Innovation
    * Capitalism
    * Diversity.]]>     2023-04-11 15:52:22 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550380075     Government: Canada tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550401933
  • Parliament democracy: meaning it is split into chambers the Commons (The House) and The Senate.
  • Canada recognizes the King as their majesty.
    • ]]>     2023-04-11 16:08:46 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550401933     Government: U.S. tfrederic2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550402074 The Federal Government is made up of three branches: 
    •  Legislative: this branch is given power by the constitution and gives Congress the sole authority to enact legislation and declare war
    • Judicial: members of the Judicial Branch are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
    • Executive: The power of executive branch is in the hands of the president, and the president is voted in by the people.
    ]]>     2023-04-11 16:08:53 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2550402074     Healthcare Delivery System: U.S. stischer2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553755417 - High in cost
    - unequal access to healthcare
    - Technology-driven system
    - Practice behaviors are influenced by legal risks
    - No central governing agency]]>     2023-04-13 22:48:02 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553755417     Healthcare Delivery System: Canada stischer2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553759010 - Universal health coverage funded through Medicare
    - Publicly administered with comprehensive coverage
    - Funded by general tax revenue
    - Hospitals are publicly funded and have a fixed-budget]]>     2023-04-13 22:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553759010     Quality of Healthcare: U.S. stischer2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553765088 - Lower 30-day mortality rate for heart attacks and strokes
    - High admissions rates of chronic diseases which could be prevented with primary care
    - Cesarean sections are the most common performed surgery in the U.S.
    - High rates of post-operative complications]]>     2023-04-13 23:07:37 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553765088     Quality of Healthcare: Canada stischer2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553767940 - High infant mortality rates
    - Patients that are admitted to the hospital are the sickest
    - Two or more chronic diseases for adults aged 18-64 years

    ]]>     2023-04-13 23:13:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553767940     Benefits and Limitations of Health Care System: U.S. stischer2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553770433 Limitations:
    - Preventable medical errors
    - High costs of healthcare
    - Lack of equal insurance 
    Benefits:
    - Preventative cancer screenings
    - Best chronic disease treatment
    - Most advanced in research]]>     2023-04-13 23:17:54 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553770433     Benefits and Limitations of Health Care System: Canada stischer2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553773061 Limitations:
    - Funding crisis 
    - Less technology-driven system
    - Less innovation in preventative medicine
    Benefits:
    - Publicly-funded healthcare
    - Easy access to hospitals and physicians services
    - Equal access to healthcare]]>     2023-04-13 23:22:49 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553773061     Healthcare Financing/Insurance System: Canada kaamold2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553811263 OVERALL
    • “Single-payer” system
    • Government funded
    PUBLIC
    • Funded by personal incomes and taxes.
    • Each province has its own insurance plan that is cash assisted by the government.
    • Each insurnace plan has coverage for medically necessary services.
    • Extra services are privately funded. 
    PRIVATE
    • Around ⅔ of Canadians have private insurance.
    • Services like dental, vision, etc. 
    • Private plans are paid via employers, unions, or other contracted organizations.
    • Vast majority of insurers are for-profit.
    ]]>     2023-04-14 00:12:54 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553811263     Healthcare Financing/Insurance System: U.S. kaamold2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553854310 OVERALL
    • Highe rates leave many uninsured.
    • Not universal.
    PUBLIC
    • Government funded Medicare and Medicaid.
    • Federal taxes fund health care costs.
    • Lower costs, less flexible.
    PRIVATE
    • Around ⅔ oFf Americans have private insurance.
    • Dominant form of coverage.
    • Provided via employers.
    • Higher costs, more flexible. 
    ]]>     2023-04-14 00:50:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553854310     Healthcare Expenditures: Canada kaamold2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553865043 OVERALL
    • $331 billion/yr
    • $8563 per person
    BREAKDOWN
    • Hospital: 24.34%
    • Physicians: 13.6%
    • Drugs: 13.5%
    ]]>     2023-04-14 01:00:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553865043     Healthcare Expenditures: U.S. kaamold2019 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553871948 OVERALL
    • $4.3 trillion/yr
    • $12,914 per person
    BREAKDOWN
    • Medicare: $900.8 billion
    • Medicaid: $734 billion
    • Private: $1,211.4 billion
    • Out of Pocket: $433.2 billion
    • Hospital: $1323.9 billion
    • Physician: $864.8 billion
    • Drug: $378 billion
    ]]>     2023-04-14 01:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2553871948     Leading Cause of Death & Major Health Issues: Canada simpsonm2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554078896 Both U.S and Canada:
    • Heart disease
    • Chronic diseases (diabetes)
    • Cerebrovascular disease (strokes)
    • Cancer (breast, colorectal, prostate, lung)
    10% diagnosed with Type I and II diabetes; 10.3% smoke.


    ]]>     2023-04-14 04:12:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554078896     Leading Cause of Death & Major Health Issues: U.S. simpsonm2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554083094 Both U.S and Canada:
    • Heart disease
    • Chronic diseases (diabetes)
    • Cerebrovascular disease (strokes)
    • Cancer (breast, colorectal, prostate, lung)
    11.3% diagnosed with Type I and II diabetes; 12.5% smoke


    ]]>     2023-04-14 04:17:56 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554083094     Health Outcomes: Canada simpsonm2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554086081 Life Expectancy: 
    Women: 83.9
    Men: 79.8

    Infant Mortality: 
    5.00 deaths per 1,000 live births 


    ]]>     2023-04-14 04:21:27 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554086081     Health Outcomes: U.S. simpsonm2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554089119 Life Expectancy: 
    Women: 79.3
    Men: 73.5

    Infant Mortality: 
    5.44 deaths per 1,000 live births 


    ]]>     2023-04-14 04:25:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554089119     Other Observations: Canada & U.S. simpsonm2020 https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554091684 Canada: 
    • Single payer system (universal healthcare)
    • Moderate/high healthcare expenditures 
    • >90% of healthcare is financed by the government
    Whereas, United States:
    • Multiple payer system (public & private)
    • High healthcare expenditures 
    • ~44% of healthcare is financed by the government
    ]]>     2023-04-14 04:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tfrederic2019/y493696oaluesi8v/wish/2554091684