https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb Made with a lightning strike of genius en-us 2016-11-09 20:42:46 UTC 2016-11-11 00:36:30 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Pizza.png https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136746511

Breakdown of mRNA in the cytoplasm determines the amount of protein produced

Short-lived mRNA tend to make less protein, long-lived mRNA tend to make more

Initiation of Translation is made possible by many proteins

Protein Activation: Alterations are required to make proteins functional after translation

ex. Insulin does nothing after creation in the pancreas. Folding of the polypeptide and covalent bonds between sulfur-containing amino acids followed by removal of a larger section make the protein functional.

Protein Breakdown:  Proteins must be broken down when not in use

]]> 2016-11-10 14:57:13 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136746511 https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136746579 1) X chromosome inactivation is initiated early in embryonic development, when one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is inactivated at random
2) Once an X chromosome is inactivated, all descendant cells have the same copy turned off. 
3) Example: The tortoiseshell cat has orange and black  patches of fur, the relevant fur-color gene is on the X chromosome, and the tortoiseshell phenotype needs two different alleles, one for orange fur and the other for black

]]> 2016-11-10 14:57:22 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136746579 https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136746848 1)miRNA associates with  large protein complex
2)The complex can bind to any mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence
3) miRNA -protein complex degrades the target mRNA or
4) blocks its translation.

- defense against viruses

]]> 2016-11-10 14:57:59 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136746848 https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747097 Operon: a unit of genetic regulation common in prokaryotes; a cluster of genes w/ related functions, along with the promoter and operator that control their transcription. 
Operator: In Prokaryotic DNA, a sequence of nucleotides near the start of an operon to which an active repressor can attach. The binding of a repressor prevents RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter and transcribing the genes of the operon. 
Repressor: A protein that blocks the transcription of a gene or operon.
Promoter: A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA located at the start of a gene that is the binding site for RNA polymerase and the lace where transcription begins. 
Regulatory Gene: A gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes. ]]> 2016-11-10 14:58:32 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747097 301560 https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747456 Alternative splicing (AS) therefore is a process by which exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms being encoded by a single gene

]]> 2016-11-10 14:59:22 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747456 https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747552 Chromatin is made up of DNA and proteins called histones. DNA wraps around the histones then coils into a chromosome shape. hi

]]> 2016-11-10 14:59:35 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747552 https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747915 Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. They include a wide number of proteins, except for RNA polymerase, which initiate and regulate the transcription of genes. ]]> 2016-11-10 15:00:24 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136747915 https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136770775 2016-11-10 15:44:44 UTC https://padlet.com/christina_m_baldwin/ch11geneexpressionb/wish/136770775