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      <title>What protections are in place for migrant women who experience violence, and what impact has policy development had on this group? - Timeline by abc2805</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx</link>
      <description>Yellow boxes are related to asylum seeking and refugee women. Purple boxes are related to migrant women and domestic violence. Red boxes include both refugee and migrant women policies. </description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2020-03-24 12:01:21 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2026-03-01 22:37:13 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>The 1951 Refugee Convention  </title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472575638</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This provided the framework for international refugee protection and defined the term refugee. Gender is not mentioned specifically as a convention reason, and this has implications for women fleeing interpersonal-violence. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-03-24 12:07:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472575638</guid>
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         <title>The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) - Ratified in the UK in 1986</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472578601</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Often referred to as the 'women's bill of rights', focusing specifically on equality between men and women in all areas of life. This also commits the UK to ending discrimination against women who are seeking asylum.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-03-24 12:10:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472578601</guid>
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         <title>The Daphne Initiative</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472903266</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Launched by the European Commission in 1997 to finance measures to combat violence against children, young people and women. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-03-24 14:58:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472903266</guid>
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         <title>The Asylum and Immigration Act 2004 - Treatment of Claimants</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472909863</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This requires the asylum interviewer to take into account the claimant's conduct and behaviour in interviews. This is significant as many women seeking asylum have been victim of sexual violence and that can be traumatic and affect their conduct in interviews, which can impact on the success of their asylum case. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-03-24 15:01:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472909863</guid>
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         <title>The Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) 2016</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472920085</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The UK government's strategy for tackling violence against women - they pledged £80 million to support services for domestic violence, including specific provisions for BAME and migrant women.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-03-24 15:06:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472920085</guid>
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         <title>The Istanbul Convention 2011</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472929996</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Treaty of the Council of Europe aimed at protecting women from all forms of violence, regardless of their immigration status. This enhanced and harmonised the response to domestic violence across Europe.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-03-24 15:10:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472929996</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Marriage Migration Rules </title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472947633</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Minimum Income Requirements (MIR) Rates since 2012 require UK nationals bringing in a partner to earn £18,600 per year. The rate increases if you want to bring in children. This discriminates against women as they usually have lower rates of pay, and is aimed at protecting the welfare system from 'dependent' wives, which is fuelled by the hostile environment policy. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-24 15:19:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472947633</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>5 Year Probation Rule - Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472971797</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The probation rule for spousal visas increased in 2012 from 2 years to 5, meaning a woman must be married and in the UK for 5 years before applying for settlement independent from their partner's status. The application process is very time consuming, and has a very high fee (unless they prove they are destitute). This can cause issues related to domestic violence as it can be used a threat by abusers to trap their migrant wives. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-24 15:30:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472971797</guid>
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         <title>The Domestic Violence Rule 2014</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472984751</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This policy was in response to backlash to the 5 year probation rule by campaigners against domestic violence. A women who can 'prove' marital breakdown because of violence can apply for ILR before the full 5 years. However, until a decision is reached they will have No Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) such as benefits or social housing, meaning some women may have to stay within an abusive home. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-24 15:36:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/472984751</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>The EU Qualification Directive 2011</title>
         <author>abc2805</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/473034741</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This lays down provisions and criteria for interpreting the Refugee Convention across the EU, particularly under Article 3 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights securing the full status of a refugee.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-03-24 15:58:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/abc2805/y3wa6d2l48zx/wish/473034741</guid>
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