Genetic Disorders by SHAGUFTA IQBAL

Congenital disease is a disease that exist at the time of birth or before birth in the womb regardless of the cause of disease , Whereas a Genetic disease is an abnormality in the DNA (genes ) of an individual.

2017-08-16 12:43:20 UTC

SAna GUl

2017-08-16 12:47:16 UTC

Congenital disease means that the problem is present from birth. It can be genetic or it can not be, but a genetic disease is due to any abnormality/mutation in a gene so it happen any time during a life time.
Sana Gul

2017-08-16 13:32:58 UTC

CONGENITAL DISORDER IS referred to as birth defect acquired during the fetal stage of development or from the genetic make up of the parents.
GENETIC DISORDER is a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormalities can be as small as a single-base mutation in just one gene, or they can involve the addition or subtraction of entire chromosomes.
MADRIKA MIRZA

CONGENITAL DISORDERS are cause by environmental or genetic factors whereas genetic disorders are cause by abnormality in DNA. CONGENITAL DISORDERS rarely pass on from one generation to other whereas GENETIC DISORDERery well be passed on from generation to generation.

2017-08-16 13:39:05 UTC

congetital disorder referred as birth defect during fetal deveopment

2017-08-16 14:04:22 UTC

komal Noorali

GENETIC DISORDERA genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormalities can be as small as a single-base mutation in just one gene, or they can involve the addition or subtraction of entire chromosomes.

2017-08-16 15:50:37 UTC

CONGENITAL DISORDER: A congenital disorder, also known as birth defect, is a condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause. Of these disorders, those characterized by structural deformities are termed "congenital anomalies" and involve defects in a developing fetus.
SANDAL SHIRAZ

congenital disorder means the problem is present from birth .it may be genetic or may not . or genetic is due to abnormality in genes

2017-08-16 16:54:34 UTC

2017-08-16 17:28:34 UTC

Congenital disorders are present at birth while genetic disorder is due to inherited character.

Genetic disorder:

2017-08-16 18:09:51 UTC

A genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormality can be as small as a single-base mutation in just one gene, or they can involve the addition or subtraction of entire chromosomes.
Congenital disorder:is a medical condition that is present at or before birth. These conditions, also referred to as birth defects, can be acquired during the fetal stage of development or from the genetic make up of the parents.
Hence Congenital disorders are present at birth while genetic disorder is due to inherited character.

SHUMAILA KHADIM ALI

Congenital Dise

2017-08-16 18:30:25 UTC

A birth defect which is present in a person or before a birth regardless of cause.

Genetic Disorder:
it is a disease that is caused by a abnormality in a person's/Individuals DNA. Abnormality can be subtraction or addition of chromosomes.

Awais Abdul Rahman

GENETIC DISORDER

2017-08-17 04:37:57 UTC

It is a genetic problem caused by 'abnormalities in genome'.
CONGENITAL DISORDER
It is a condition that occurs at or before the time of birth
FARAH BINYAMIN

2017-08-17 12:56:31 UTC

Genetic disease is a disease whose underlying basis is due to action of a gene.
Congenital disease means that the problem is present from birth due to affect of external factors (like alcohol, smoking or addiction of any drugs etc) during fetal development "critical development stage".
Congenital disorders are present at birth while genetic disorder is due to inherited character.
- Musarrat Siraj

Congenital Disease

shumailalaghal — 2017-08-17 15:31:44 UTC

are also known as birth defects. These are the abnormalities either of the body's structure, function or metabolism which are present at the time of birth. Where as Genetic Diseases are the abnormalities that may be a mutation of single gene or an addition or subtraction of an entire gene.
Genetic Disease may make their appearance later in life but congenital disease appear at birth.

Shumaila Khan

2017-08-17 18:02:35 UTC

Congenital diseases may or may not be genetic. Where the disease is not genetic it may be the result of an insult to the embryo or fetus which occurred at a very specific time during development in uterus.
genetic diseases pass to next generations but congenital diseases will remain with that particular person.
Madiha Simi Khan

genetic disease occur due to abnormalities in gene. It can appear in later life or can be identified on birth whereas congenital exist at time of birth or in the womb.

2017-08-19 08:10:15 UTC

Areeba Akber

CONGENITAL DISEASE:

2017-08-19 08:54:27 UTC

is also known as birth defect it is occur at or before birth. it causes structural deformities and also defect in developing fetus .
GENETIC DISEASE:
it is genetic disorder which cause by mutation in gene it is hereditary which transfer from parent genome
DIFFERENCE B/W GENETIC & CONGENITAL?
is a disease whose underlying basis is due to action of a gene or several genes acting to produce the defect and it is inherited but Congenital disease means that the problem is present from birth. Congenital diseases may or may not be genetic. Where the disease is not genetic it may be the result of an insult to the embryo or foetus which occurred at a very specific time during in utero development.
SEHRISH ALI

limisha mehboob

2017-08-19 16:01:47 UTC

congenital disorder are present from birth they can be due to certain damage to fetus during development. whereas, genetic disorder has an underlying abnormal coding of genes which are which cause defect in an individual. these disease may in any stage of life when an individual get expose to certain external factor which enhance the expression of abnormal gene.

"ALI SHAH SALEEM NOORUDDIN MUKHIDA"

ali301095 — 2017-08-19 17:29:11 UTC

Congenital disorder means that the problem is present from birth. Congenital diseases may or may not be genetic. Where the disorder is not genetic it may be the result of an insult to the embryo or foetus which occurred at a very specific time during in utero development.

Ponum jahan

2017-08-20 03:56:43 UTC

Genetic diseases are those which appear in a person due to mutation in genetic traits/genes;whereas,congenital disorders arise due to any of misleads/problems in fetal development or physical deformities during delivery

CONGENITAL DISEASE

2017-08-20 10:29:25 UTC

congenital disorder is medical condition that is present at or before birth. Congenital disorders can be inherited or caused by environmental factors and their impact on a child’s health and development can vary from mild to severe
GENETIC DISORDER
Sometimes there is a mutation, a change in a gene or genes. The mutation changes the gene's instructions for making a protein, so the protein does not work properly or is missing entirely. This can cause a medical condition called a genetic disorder.
FARYAL KANWAL

Nawaal Nadir

2017-08-20 10:54:04 UTC

Genetic disorder is a disorder that occurs due to abnormality in genes because of wrong interpretation of rRNA in reading the codes present in mRNA. Due to which wrong proteins are synthesized. Despite this fact, abnormality does not always takes place because there are many codes for just one protein. Examples of genetic disorders include, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia. Congenital disorder is basically a disorder in which the defect is present from the time of birth but the causes of congenital disorder could either be genetic or any substance called teratogen.

NARMIN NAZIM

2017-08-21 07:40:15 UTC

Congenital disease means that the problem is present from birth. Congenital diseases may or may not be genetic. Where the disease is not genetic it may be the result of an insult to the embryo or foetus which occurred at a very specific time during in utero development.

2017-09-13 10:33:07 UTC

Genetic Disorder

2023-10-14 06:38:46 UTC

Genetic disorders

2023-10-20 05:05:20 UTC

Genetic disorders are medical conditions caused by changes or mutations in a person's DNA. These mutations can be inherited from one's parents or occur spontaneously. There are thousands of different genetic disorders, ranging from relatively mild to severe. Some well-known examples include Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anemia. Genetic counseling and testing can help individuals understand their risk of passing on or developing genetic disorders. Treatment and management options vary depending on the specific disorder.

Ishtiaq Ahmed

Genetic disorder

2023-10-20 05:06:49 UTC

Genetic disorder

2023-10-20 05:08:38 UTC

Genetic disorders

2023-10-20 05:09:09 UTC

A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene or multiple genes or by a chromosomal abnormality.

Genetic disorders
Albinism. Albinism is a group of genetic conditions. ...
Angelman syndrome. A rare syndrome causing physical and intellectual disability. ...
Ankylosing spondylitis. ...
Apert syndrome. ...
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. ...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) ...
Down syndrome.

Name: ZAHIDULLAH

2023-10-20 05:11:58 UTC

Genetic Disorder:
A genetic disorder is a medical condition that is caused by abnormalities or mutations in an individual's DNA. These disorders can be inherited from one's parents or can occur as spontaneous mutations. They can affect various aspects of a person's health and may lead to a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Examples of genetic disorders include cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, and Huntington's disease. Some genetic disorders are present from birth, while others may develop later in life. They often require medical management and may have a genetic component, meaning they can be passed on to future generations.

Genes:
Genes are segments of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that serve as the basic functional units of heredity in living organisms. They contain the instructions for building and maintaining the structures and functions of cells. Genes provide the information necessary for the development, growth, and functioning of an organism. Each gene carries specific information related to a particular trait or characteristic, such as eye color or susceptibility to certain diseases. The human genome, for example, contains thousands of genes, and the combination of genes an individual inherits from their parents determines their genetic makeup and characteristics. Genes are transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins, which play a vital role in the body's biological processes.

DNA :
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. It is often referred to as the "genetic code" or "genetic blueprint" of life. DNA is a long, double-helix structure made up of four types of nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These nucleotides are arranged in specific sequences along the DNA strand.

The unique sequence of nucleotides in DNA provides the information needed for cells to build and maintain the various proteins and structures that make up an organism. DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells. It's responsible for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next through a process called replication and is also involved in processes like transcription and translation, which allow cells to use the genetic code to produce proteins. DNA is a fundamental molecule in the field of genetics and plays a critical role in the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring.

Muhammad Haroon
423

Genetics

2023-10-20 05:12:25 UTC

Genetics is the study of heredity, the passing of genes from parents to their offspring through the gametes.
DNA:
It is a long molecule that is made up of thousands segments of genes.
Chromosomes:
Chromosomes are large structures made of DNA.
Genes:
Are the basic units of inheritance and they ultimately influence all aspects of body structure and function.

Ishtiaq Ahmed

Genetic disorder

2023-10-20 05:37:21 UTC

Genetic Disoder

2023-10-20 06:41:16 UTC

Genetic Disorder

2023-10-20 10:27:11 UTC

A genetic disorder is a condition that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormalities can be as small as a single-base mutation in just one gene, or they can involve the addition or subtraction of entire chromosomes.
Mutation: A mutation is a permanent change in genetic material. Some mutations result in serious disorders Genetics:Genetics is the study of heredity, the passing of genes from parents to their offspring through the gametes.
DNA: It is a long molecule that is made up of thousands segments of genes.
Genes:Are the basic units of inheritance and they ultimately influence all aspects of body structure and function.
Congenital Disorder:A congenital disorder, also known as birth defect, is a condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause. Of these disorders, those characterized by Structural deformities are termed "congenital anomalies" and involve defects in developing fetus. Any substance that causes birth defects is known as a teratogen.
Genetic Disorder:A genetic disorder is an illness caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth (congenital). Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions. Genetic disorders may or may not be heritable, i.e. passed down from the parents genes. In non heritable genetic disorders, defects may be caused by new mutations or changes to the DNA.
Genotype: The genetic make up of an individual is called genotype. Example: Genes of a person
Phenotype: The genetic make up that is expressed in a body is called Phenotypes. It is the physical expression of the gene. Example. eye color,
Homozygous: The person with the same alleles on homologous chromosomes is said to be homozygous for that trait.
Heterozygous: The person having different alleles on homologous chromosome is called heterozygous for that trait.
Regards:
Saad.
Roll No:450

Genetic disorder

2023-10-20 13:57:43 UTC

Genetic Disorders:

Mutation:

A mutation is a permanent change in genetic material.

Some mutations result in serious disorders.

Congenital disorders:
Congenital disorders are structural or functional abnormalities present before birth. Such disorders result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental and range from mild to severe.

Genetics : is the study of heredity, the passing ofgenes from parents to their offspring throughthe gametes

gene : is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

Chromosomes : threds like structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.

DNA : It is a long molecule that is made up of thousands segments of genes.

Genotype:

The genetic make up of an individual is called genotype.

Phenotype:

The genetic make up that is expressed in a body is called Phenotypes.

Alleles:

Alternative form of a gene that code for the same trait and are at the same location on homologous chromosomes are called alleles.

Homozygous:

The person with the same alleles on homologous chromosomes is said to be homozygous for that trait.

Heterozygous:

The person having different alleles on

homologous chromosome is called heterozygous for that trait.

KARYOTYPE:

A karyotype is an ordered display of chromosomes arranged according to size, banding pattern and centromere position.

Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy is an error in cell division that results in the "daughter" cells having the wrong number of chromosomes.

Ubaid Ullah s/o Saeed Ur Rehman

Genetic Disorders

2023-10-20 17:30:35 UTC

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): The molecule that contains the genetic instructions for an organism's development and functioning. DNA is made up of a chain of nucleotides, each of which contains a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of bases in DNA determines the genetic code.

Gene: A unit of heredity that is made up of a sequence of DNA. Genes determine the characteristics of an organism, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to disease.

Allele: A variant form of a gene. For example, the gene for eye color has several alleles, such as brown, blue, and green. Each person has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent.

Trait: A characteristic or feature of an organism that is determined by its genes. For example, eye color, height, and blood type are all traits.

Chromatid: One of the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome. Chromatids are held together at a central point called the centromere. During cell division, the chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes.

Aneuploidy is a condition in which an organism has an abnormal number of chromosomes.The most common cause of aneuploidy is nondisjunction, which is a failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division. Nondisjunction can occur during meiosis (the process of cell division that produces sperm and eggs) or mitosis (the process of cell division that produces new body cells).

Aneuploidy can also be caused by other factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.

Congenital disorders

2023-10-20 18:00:23 UTC

structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life. Also called birth defects, congenital anomalies or congenital malformations.

Genetic disorders

A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene or multiple genes or by a chromosomal abnormality

Gene
gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Chromosome
Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.

Allele
each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Homozygous and Heterozygous
Individuals carrying two identical alleles (RR or rr) are known as homozygous. While individual organisms bearing different alleles (Rr) are known as heterozygous.

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Salman khan

Genetic disorders:

2023-10-21 04:38:54 UTC

Genetic disorders occur when a mutation (a harmful change to a gene, also known as a pathogenic variant) affects your genes or when you have the wrong amount of genetic material. Genes are made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which contain instructions for cell functioning and the characteristics that make you unique.
You receive half your genes from each biological parent and may inherit a gene mutation from one parent or both. Sometimes genes change due to issues within the DNA (mutations). This can raise your risk of having a genetic disorder. Some cause symptoms at birth, while others develop over time.
Chromosomai. This type afects the structures that hold your genes/DNA within each cell (chromosomes). With these conditions, people are missing or have duplicated chromosome material.

Complex (multifactorial): These disorders stem from a combinati of gene mutations and other factors. They include chemical exposure, diet, certain medication and tobacco or alcohol use.
Single-gene (monogenic): This group of conditions occurs from single gene mutation.
Rizwan Abdul Ghaffar.

congenital disorder:

2023-10-21 04:46:34 UTC

A congenital disorder is a condition that is present from birth. Congenital disorders can be inherited or caused by environmental factors. Their impact on a child's health and development isn't always severe, and sometimes it can be quite mild. However, a child with a congenital disorder may experience a disability or health problems throughout life.

It's natural to be concerned about congenital disorders if you're pregnant or planning a pregnancy, especially if your family has a history of a particular disorder. It's possible to test for some, but not all disorders during pregnancy, and there are also things you can do to reduce the chances of your baby bein born with a congenital disorder. Top
Rizwan Abdul Ghaffar.

GENETIC DISORDERS

2023-10-21 05:07:03 UTC

Genetic disorders occur when a mutation affects your genes. Carrying the mutation doesn’t always mean you’ll end up with a disease. There are many types, including single-gene, multifactorial and chromosomal disorders.
A genetic disorder is an illness caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth (congenital).

Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions.

>Genetic disorders may or may not be heritable, i.e. passed down from the parents genes.

In non heritable genetic disorders, defects may be caused by new mutations or changes to the DNA.
MUHAMMAD HAMMAD KARIM

Genetic Disorders:

2023-10-21 14:54:03 UTC

What is genotype?

2023-10-22 11:12:42 UTC

A genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which includes the specific combination of genes in its DNA. It determines an organism's hereditary traits and characteristics, but these traits may not always be expressed, as they can be influenced by environmental factors. Genotypes are often contrasted with phenotypes, which are the observable physical or biochemical traits resulting from the interaction between an organism's genotype and its environment.

ZAHIDULLAH

What is phenotype?

2023-10-22 11:17:02 UTC

A phenotype refers to the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, which result from the interaction between its genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors. Phenotypes encompass traits such as eye color, height, behavior, and various other characteristics that you can see or measure. These traits can be influenced by an individual's genes, but they can also be shaped by environmental factors and interactions between genes.

ZAHIDULLAH

What is locus?

2023-10-22 11:20:50 UTC

In genetics, a locus (plural: loci) is a specific location or position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Each locus is associated with a specific piece of genetic information, which can code for a particular trait or function. Loci are used to map and study genes and genetic variations, helping scientists understand inheritance patterns and genetic relationships. Geneticists often refer to the location of a gene on a chromosome by specifying the chromosome number and the position of the locus. For example, "the locus for gene X is on chromosome 7, position 12."

ZAHIDULLAH

Inam Ellahi Sem4 Year2 (genetics)

2023-10-22 18:54:42 UTC

Genetics: Genetics is the study of how traits are passed down from one generation to the next. It's like a set of instructions for how living things, like plants and animals, develop and function.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): DNA is like the instruction manual for living things. It's a long, spiral-shaped molecule inside our cells that contains all the information needed to build and operate our bodies.

Chromosomes: Imagine chromosomes as packages that hold the DNA. They are thread-like structures in the cell nucleus that carry genes, which are the specific pieces of DNA that contain instructions for traits.

Gene: A gene is like a small section in the DNA instruction manual. It's a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait, like eye color or height.

Alleles: Alleles are different versions of a gene. They can determine variations in a trait. For example, the gene for eye color might have alleles for blue, brown, or green eyes.

Homologous Chromosomes: These are pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size and shape. You get one from each parent. They carry matching genes but may have different alleles.

Homozygous: If you have two identical alleles for a specific gene (e.g., two alleles for brown eyes), you are homozygous for that trait.

Heterozygous: If you have two different alleles for a specific gene (e.g., one for blue eyes and one for brown eyes), you are heterozygous for that trait.

Genotype: Your genotype is the combination of alleles you have for all your genes. It's like your genetic recipe that determines your traits, even if some are hidden (recessive) and some are expressed (dominant).

UBAID AHMED SEM4 YEAR2

2023-10-23 03:37:52 UTC

Genetic Disorders:

Genetic disorder

2023-10-23 03:55:49 UTC

A genetic disorder is a medical condition caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA, which may be inherited or occur spontaneously. These disorders can result from mutations in single genes (monogenic) or a combination of genetic factors (polygenic). Genetic disorders can affect various aspects of health and development, leading to a wide range of symptoms and severity, depending on the specific disorder and its genetic underpinnings.
DNA

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms. It consists of a double helix structure made up of nucleotides, each containing a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The sequence of these bases encodes genetic information, which is transcribed into RNA and ultimately used to produce proteins and control various cellular processes. DNA is found in the cell nucleus in eukaryotes and in the nucleoid region in prokaryotes.

Muhammad Waqar Iqbal

Genetic Disorder

2023-10-23 15:45:04 UTC

Genetic Disorders :
Genetic disorders occur when a mutation affects your genes. Carrying the mutation doesn’t always mean you’ll end up with a disease. There are many types, including single-gene, multifactorial and chromosomal disorders.
Chromosomal: This type affects the structures that hold your genes/DNA within each cell (chromosomes). With these conditions, people are missing or have duplicated chromosome material.
Complex (multifactorial): These disorders stem from a combination of gene mutations and other factors. They include chemical exposure, diet, certain medications and tobacco or alcohol use.
Single-gene (monogenic): This group of conditions occurs from a single gene mutation.

Genes :
Gene, unit of hereditary information that occupies a fixed position (locus) on a chromosome. Genes achieve their effects by directing the synthesis of proteins.

Alleles :
An allele is one of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a given genomic location. An individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent, for any given genomic location where such variation exists. If the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that allele.

Genotype :
genotype is a scoring of the type of variant present at a given location (i.e., a locus) in the genome. It can be represented by symbols. For example, BB, Bb, bb could be used to represent a given variant in a gene.

Phenotype :
The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior.

Homozygous :
Homozygous, as related to genetics, refers to having inherited the same versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. Thus, an individual who is homozygous for a genomic marker has two identical versions of that marker.

Heterozygous :
Heterozygous, as related to genetics, refers to having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. Thus, an individual who is heterozygous for a genomic marker has two different versions of that marker. By contrast, an individual who is homozygous for a marker has identical versions of that marker.

Regards :
Moin ud din 4th Semester
Roll No : 415

Genetic disorder

2023-10-23 18:05:08 UTC

Genetic:
Genetic is the study of heredity ,the passing of gene from parents to their offspring through the gametes.

DNA:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder a shape known as a double helix.

Chromosome:
Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.

Allele:
Allele" is the word that we use to describe the alternative form or versions of a gene.

Homologous chromosome:
homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes. They essentially have the same gene sequence, loci (gene position), centromere location, and chromosomal length. Although they may have the same genetic sequence and loci, they may differ in alleles.

Heterozygous chromosome :
Heterozygous refers to having different alleles for a particular trait. If the two versions are different, you have a heterozygous genotype for that gene.

Genotype :
A genotype is the total sum of genes transferred from parents to offspring. Alternatively, a genotype can also be defined as the complete set of heritable genes that can be transferred to the offsprings from its parents.

Phenotype :
Phenotype refers to an individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type. A person's phenotype is determined by both their genomic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors parents

Recessive :
A recessive gene is a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene. In order to have a trait that is expressed by a recessive gene, such as blue eyes, you must get the gene for blue eyes from both of your parents

Dominant:
Dominant refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive two versions of each gene, known as alleles, from each parent. If the alleles of a gene are different, one allele will be expressed; it is the dominant parents.

Name : Elisha Noman
Roll no : 407

Anees Ullah Rn 470

2023-10-25 16:42:12 UTC

Gene: A unit of heredity that is made up of a sequence of DNA. Genes determine the characteristics of an organism, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to disease.

Allele: A variant form of a gene. For example, the gene for eye color has several alleles, such as brown, blue, and green. Each person has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent.

Trait: A characteristic or feature of an organism that is determined by its genes. For example, eye color, height, and blood type are all traits.

Aneuploidy can also be caused by other factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.

Genetic Disorder

2023-10-27 05:25:02 UTC

Name Abdul Qadir

Roll. 2158-444

2nd year 4th semester

MCON lyari

Genetic

Genetics includes the study of how human characteristics are inherited from one's parents. It explains how traits as simple as eye color or as complex as susceptibility to diseases run in families.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell. In plants and animals (including humans), chromosomes reside in the nucleus of cells. Humans have 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes (autosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY), for a total of 46.

Gene

A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases

Alleles

Alternative form of a gene that code for the same trait and are at the same location on homologous chromosomes are called alleles.

Homozygous

homozygous means you've inherited the same alleles of a gene from each of your parents.

Heterozygous

Heterozygous means you've inherited different alleles of a gene from each of your parents

Homologous chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and carry genes for the same traits. They play a crucial role in genetic inheritance and are involved in processes like meiosis.

Genotype

The term "genotype" refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, which includes all the genes they have inherited from their parents.

Phenotype

The phenotype is the expression of the genes in an individual's genotype.Phenotype refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual, which are determined by both their genotype and environmental factors. It includes traits like hair color, eye color, height, and other visible features.

Karyotype

A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes.

Meiosis

Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each chromosome

Mitosis

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained

Zygote

zygote is the initial cell that forms when a sperm fertilizes an egg. It contains the combined genetic material from both parents and is the starting point for the developm

ent of a new individual.