John danced.

Forrest Gump (1994) - "I was a bird, and I flew away."

He likes ice cream

The Lion King (1994) - "Hakuna Matata. It means no worries."

He will eat dinner.

Avengers: Infinity War (2018) - "I’ll do it myself."

The door opened and two boys came into the room.

Erika dropped her bag while she was getting into her car.

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) - "The world was changed. I feel it in the water. I feel it in the earth. I smell it in the air."

Few people in Victorian times took a bath everyday.

Did you drive past her house every day?

To Kill a Mockingbird (Harper Lee) - "He walked to the town every morning and came back home before dark."

In 1969 the first men landed on the Moon.

Apollo 13 (1995) - "On April 11, 1970, Apollo 13 lifted off from Kennedy Space Center."

What happened to you?

Someone hit me!

The Dark Knight (2008) - "You changed things… forever."

I looked out of the window and saw that it was raining.

Whenever I visited him, he was working in his garden.

When I was learning to drive I was living with my parents.

Friends (TV Series, 1994-2004) - "I was sleeping when you called."

While we were getting ready to go out, the rain suddenly stopped.

While I was getting ready for bed, the doorbell rang.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (2001) - "I was sleeping when Hagrid knocked on the door."

Helen looked down into the busy street. Crowds of people were pushing along the pavements, and cars was hooting.

Jurassic Park (1993) - "The rain was pouring, thunder was roaring, and the dinosaurs were moving in the shadows."

While Jim was painting the outside of the house, Sarah was decorating the bedrooms.

Mia was reading to the children while Ben was washing up.

La La Land (2016) - "While Mia was practicing her lines, Sebastian was playing the piano."

The Earth moves everyday.

Interstellar (2014) - "Gravity always pulls us down."

Finding Nemo (2003) – "Fish live in the ocean."

The Matrix (1999) – "The body cannot live without the mind."

Sherlock Holmes (2009) - "I wake up. I deduce. I eat. I sleep. Then I do it all over again."

The Devil Wears Prada (2006) – "She gets coffee every morning."

Home Alone (1990) – "He watches scary movies before bed."

The Social Network (2010) – "Mark writes code all night."

Avengers: Endgame (2019) - We are not just fighting for ourselves. We’re fighting for everyone.

Sorry, I'm busy at the moment. I'm doing my homework

Avengers: Infinity War (2018) – "I’m talking to you right now."

The Hunger Games (2012) – "They’re fighting for their lives."

Frozen (2013) – "She’s building a snowman."

Belong

The Dark Knight (2008) - I realize Gotham needs something more than a hero.

Inception (2010) - You’re realizing this is all a dream, aren’t you?

Good Will Hunting (1997) – "I realize my potential."
→ 확정된 인식 상태.

Inception (2010) – "He’s realizing this is a dream."
→ 꿈이라는 걸 깨닫는 중, 점진적 자각.

At school, he was always getting into trouble.

She was forever falling in love with the wrong kind of man.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (2001) - "You were always complaining about Hermione!"

They started producing the car in 1946 and were still producing it thirty years later.

Inception (2010) - "I was still dreaming!"

It was becoming more and more difficult to find work.

Her performances were getting better and better.

Spider-Man (2002) - "Everything was changing. I was getting stronger, faster… better."

Did you use to play hide-and-seek when you were a child?

Toy Story 3 (2010) - "Did you use to play with me every day?"

I started drinking coffee recently. I never used to like it before.

I can't eat anymore. I'm not used to such big meals.

She can't climb all those steps. She's not used to taking so much exercise!

The ceiling was white. She has painted the ceiling. Now it is yellow.

She has studied English.
→ 영어를 공부한 적 있다, 결과가 남음

She has been painting the ceiling. There is paint in Kate's clothes.

She has been doing her homework for two hours.
→ 2시간 동안 계속 하고 있음, 지금도 아직 하고 있을 가능성 있음
→ 너무 오래 해서 지쳐 보인다는 맥락도 암시 가능

The Bourne Identity (2002) – “I’ve been running for two days.”

How much pages of that book have you read?

Lisa has written lots of emails this morning.

They've played tennis three times this week.

I'm learning Spanish, but I haven't learned very much yet.

Matilda (Roald Dahl) – “I’ve read every book in the library.”

How long have you been reading that book?

Lisa has been writing emails all morning.

They've been playing tennis since 2 o'clock.

I'm learning Spanish, but I haven't been learning it very long.

Good Will Hunting (1997) – “I’ve been working on this proof for hours.”

I've been washing the dog - that's why my clothes are wet.

The Bourne Identity (2002) - "I’ve been running for two days."
→ 주인공이 자신을 쫓는 이들로부터 도망쳐서 지친 상태에서, 왜 피곤한지, 왜 헝클어졌는지를 설명하는 상황이다.

I've been working on my project all morning.

Cast Away (2000) - "I’ve been talking to a volleyball for four years."

He has been phoning me everyday since the party.

Absolute power (1997)

Do you understand this point?

We're understanding more and more about the universe

The Matrix (1999) – "I understand what the Matrix is."
→ 단순한 ‘이해’ 상태.

Tenet (2020) – "I’m understanding more as we go."
→ 점점 이해해가는 과정을 나타냄 (완전히 이해하진 않았음).

Someone has stolen my bike.

I've just had an idea.

The Shawshank Redemption (1994) - “I have lived in this prison for nineteen years.”

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (2001) - “You have received your letter from Hogwarts.”

Archaeologists have discovered an Anglo-Saxon palace in London.

Police have recaptured two escaped prisoners.

No-one has (ever) proved that aliens exist.

Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) - “The city has just been attacked.”

The Dark Knight (2008) - “The Joker has escaped from Arkham Asylum.”

My car has broken down. (That's why I want a lift from you.)

Inception (2010) - “He has stolen secrets from his targets, and now they are trapped in dreams.”

The Matrix (1999) - “Neo has taken the red pill, and everything is changed.”

The building has been completed on time.

United have scored three goals, and there's still half an hour left.

The Martian (2015) - “I have grown over 400 potatoes so far.”

Moneyball (2011) - “We have won 20 games in a row.”

She has painted some of the best portraits of recent years.

Forrest Gump (1994) - “I have been to Vietnam.”

Eat Pray Love (2010) - “I have traveled around the world searching for myself.”

I've worked in this department for the past six months.

The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) - “I have known hardship all my life.”

Cast Away (2000) - “She has loved him since they met.”

I've cooked dinner every night for ten years!

Groundhog Day (1993) - “I have woken up to the same day over and over.”

Legally Blonde (2001) - “She has studied law every day this semester.”

I've worked here since 2002.

We've already seen this film.

Interstellar (2014) - “We have waited for years.”

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) - “You have carried it long enough.”

She has painted some of the best portraits of recent years.

She painted some of the best portraits of recent years.

I've drunk four cups of coffee today

Have you had a holiday this year?

I haven't seen Tom this morning.

Rob hasn't studied very hard this term.

Have you heard anything from Ben recently?

Have you seen Anna this morning?

I have never ridden a horse in my life.

Interstellar (2014) - “We have come this far already.”

The Martian (2015) - “I have managed to stay alive until now.”

Have you heard from Brian recently?

We received a letter from him recently.

I’m hungry. I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast.

It has rained everyday since I arrived.

Avengers: Infinity War (2018) - “We have faced tougher battles until now.”

The Hunger Games (2012) - “No one has survived this arena so far.”

I've been waiting here for half an hour!

I haven't been taking a lot of exercise lately.

The Dark Knight (2008) - “We’ve been working on this plan for months.”

Jane is a very good tennis player. She has been playing (tennis) since she was eight.

Every morning they meet in the same cafe. They have been going there for years.

Good Will Hunting (1997) - “You’ve been coming here for two years, and you don’t know anything about me.”

You open this part of the camera here.

Then you take out the battery.

Forrest Gump (1994) - “Run, Forrest, run!”

Finding Nemo (2003) - “Just keep swimming.”

Take 300g of flour.

Add Three eggs.

Julie & Julia (2009) - “Chop the onions finely.”

Ratatouille (2007) - “Stir continuously until the sauce thickens.”

Three die in plane crash.

MPs say no to green laws.

The Day After Tomorrow (2004) - “Global warming causes climate shift.”

Contagion (2011) - “Virus spreads worldwide.”

First, I take a bowl and break two eggs into it. Next...

Inception (2010) - “He jumps — and the dream collapses.”

The Bourne Identity (2002) - “He grabs the pen and takes him down in one move.”

I promise to be back for lunch.

I swear that I will tell the truth.

He denies the accusation.

I promise never to smoke again.

I agree with you.

I accept your offer.

The Princess Diaries (2001) - “I apologize for the way I behaved.”

Dune: Part One (2021) - “I dare you to say that again.”

I hear you've got a new job.

People tell me she's difficult to work with.

We understand that the house is now for sale.

The Social Network (2010) - “I see what you’re trying to do.”

The King’s Speech (2010) - “What did you say to me?”

A Beautiful Mind (2001) - “I gather you understand the situation.”

A man goes to see his psychiatrist.

He says he is having problems because he imagines he's a pair of curtains.

The psychiatrist tells him to pull himself together.

Deadpool (2016) - “That’s just how I roll.”

And now Rooney crosses the half-way line and passes to Giggs.

Rocky (1976) - “He throws a powerful right hook!”

Remember the Titans (2000) - “The quarterback runs down the field!”

Tom and Daisy are an old couple who live a dull life in a suburb of Birmingham.

But everything changes when their granddaughter, Karen comes to stay

Jurassic Park (1993) - “A group of scientists explore an island with cloned dinosaurs.”

The Lion King (1994) - “A young lion struggles to reclaim his kingdom.”

It's raining.

The children are playing upstairs.

Titanic (1997) - “The ship is sinking fast.”

The Matrix (1999) - “They are fighting for their lives.”

It's getting dark.

Computers are changing all the time.

The Social Network (2010) - “Our user base is growing every day.”

Wall Street (1987) - “The market is increasing rapidly.”

The Devil Wears Prada (2006) - I’m learning a lot about fashion.

I'm reading a really interesting book

Spider-Man 2 (2004) - I’m trying to focus on my studies, but it’s hard.

I’m reading Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.

I haven't finished it yet, but I'm not reading at this moment

Each countries' pronounciation of Bach is different

You are continually interrupting!

He's forever getting into trouble!

Office Space (1999) - “He is always complaining about the workload.”

The Devil Wears Prada (2006) - “She is constantly demanding more from us.”

impossible = im + possible

cats = cat + s

Can you hand me the paper?

The professor explains that some patients eat too much because they grow up in families with poor eating habits.

If there is a word "s _ _ _ _ gs" the syllable next to 's' would not be z.

The man drank the rock

The man drank the rock

I had eaten the deep fried muffins.

Joe had already read the book.

The Dark Knight (2008) - "I’ve seen what I have to become to stop men like him."
→ 현재완료: I have seen

Inception (2010) - "She had locked away a secret, deep inside her."
→ 과거완료: had locked away

Avengers: Endgame (2019) - "We’ve been gone for five years."
→ 현재완료진행: have been gone (여기선 상태동사 'be'의 완료적 용법)

She is studying grammar.

Jeff was dancing with Synthia while Kate was mad.

Her (2013) - "I’m just having a hard time letting you go."
→ 현재진행: am having, letting

Forrest Gump (1994) - "I was running!"
→ 과거진행: was running

The Matrix (1999) - "They’re watching you, Neo."
→ 현재진행: are watching

Calvin ate all of the beef waffles.

He broke the rules, and now he's paying the price.

Taken (2008) - “I’ll find you, and I’ll kill you.”

Interstellar (2014) - "Gravity pulls us down."
→ 주어(Gravity)가 직접 행동(pulls)을 함. 전형적인 능동 구조.

John Wick (2014) - "People keep asking if I’m back."
→ People keep asking은 사람들이 주체가 되어 묻고 있음. 능동태.

The Hunger Games (2012) - "I volunteer as tribute!"
→ I volunteer는 내가 주체가 되어 행동함. 명확한 능동.

Gladiator (2000) - "I will have my vengeance."
→ I will have는 미래 시제의 능동. 내가 복수를 취할 것이라는 의지 강조.

The beef waffles were all eaten by Kevin

The matrix (1999) - "You were deceived."

The Bourne Identity (2002) - "I'm being watched."
→ 현재진행 수동: 주어는 행동의 대상.

The Lion King (1994) - "He was killed by his own brother."
→ 과거 수동: was killed, 주어는 죽임을 당함.

Inception (2010) - "Your mind is the scene of the crime."
→ is the scene은 상태 표현이지만, 숨겨진 수동 구조로 작용 (범죄가 '이뤄지는' 장소).

Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018) - "This message will be deleted in 5 seconds."
→ 미래 수동: will be deleted

Mary Poppins Returns (2018) - Everything is possible, even the impossible."

Game of Thrones (2011–2019) - "Death is so final, yet life is full of possibilities."

Doctor Strange (2016) – "This may hurt a little."
→ “may”: 가벼운 가능성 표현.

Tenet (2020) – "Things could change in the future."
→ “could”: 불확실하거나 조건적인 가능성.

Wuthering Heights (1939) - "He'll be there by now."

Dumb and Dumber (1994) - "So you're telling me there's a chance?"

Sherlock Holmes (2009) – "It must be the toxin affecting his brain."
→ “must be”: 강한 추정. 거의 확실한 가능성을 표현.

The Imitation Game (2014) – "That should take about five minutes."
→ “should”: 예측 기반의 개연성.

The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012) - "You must be Mary Elizabeth."

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - We must all face the choice between what is right and what is easy."

Avengers: Endgame (2019) – "We must find a way to undo this."
→ 강한 필요성 표현. “must”가 필연적 상황을 강조.

The Martian (2015) – "I’m going to have to science the shit out of this."
→ “have to”는 상황 상 어쩔 수 없이 해야 하는 일 강조.

"You must remember your partner’s birthday."

Inception (2010) - You must not be afraid to dream a little bigger, darling."

Captain America: Civil War (2016) – "We’re supposed to be on the same side."
→ be supposed to: 규범적 기대 또는 도덕적 의무 표현.

The Godfather (1972) – "You should act like a man!"
→ “should”: 강한 사회적/도덕적 의무 암시.

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) - “When she had gotten her coat, the phone had rung, so she'd stopped to answer it.”

The Great Gatsby (1925) – "I had met Gatsby before he introduced himself."

Stranger Things (TV, 2016) – "She had disappeared long before the Demogorgon came."

Back to the Future (1985) – "They had left by the time I arrived."

The Hunger Games (2012) - “I thought about how I had been in the woods with Gale earlier.”

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) - “I told you I had seen him.”

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999) – "I thought he had betrayed my parents."

Atonement (2007) – "She said she had seen him with another woman."

The Notebook (2004) – "He believed they had broken up for good."

The Notebook (2004) - “I remembered that I had left my notebook at home.”

The Bourne Identity (2002) - “He realized he had forgotten his passport.”

La La Land (2016) – "I realized I had loved him all along."

How I Met Your Mother (TV) – "I remembered I had left my keys at her place."

The Fault in Our Stars (2012) – "She saw he had been crying."

The Godfather Part II (1974) - “By the time I arrived, they had already left.”

Titanic (1997) - “The ship had already hit the iceberg when they sounded the alarm.”

The Time Traveler’s Wife (2003) – "By the time I arrived, he had already left.*"

Hamilton (musical) – "I couldn’t believe she had known all along."

Les Misérables (1862) – "He had confessed before they arrested him."

Pride and Prejudice (2005) - “She said that she had never seen such a place before.”

The King's Speech (2010) - “He mentioned that he had practiced the speech multiple times.”

To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) – "He said he had never seen anything like it."

The King’s Speech (2010) – "She told me she had taken speech lessons."

The Hunger Games (2012) – "They said they had trained in secret."

The Godfather (1973) - "I’m gonna make him an offer he can’t refuse."

Finding Nemo (2003) - “Just keep swimming.”

Forrest Gump (1994) - “If I were a bird, I could fly far away.”

If you eat all the ice-cream, you'll be sick!

If you're going to buy a car, I’ll lend you some of the money.

If you're going to the shops, I’ll come with you!

If I’m going to catch the train, I’ll have to leave now.

We’ll need more chairs if we’re going to invite so many people to the performance.

If you can't answer Exercise 1, you won 't be able to do Exercise 2.

If you've finished washing the floor, I’ll help you clean the kitchen.

If you didn’t study physics at school, you won’t understand this book. (과거에 배우지 않았다면 미래에 이해하지 못할 것임)

If we have fine weather tomorrow, I’m going to paint the windows.

I'll give her your love if I see her.

Back to the Future (1985) - “If you are going to time travel, be careful not to change the past.”

Iron goes red if(=when) it gets very hot.

If(=As) John didn’t come to work yesterday, he was probably ill

If(=because) you didn’t study physics at school, you won’t understand this book.

The video pauses if(=when) you click on this button.

If(=when) age-related changes are taken into account, the conclusion remains the same.

Look at the sky. It's going to rain.

I think it's going to rain soon.

The Day After Tomorrow (2004) – "Look at those clouds. It’s going to storm any minute."

Titanic (1997) – "This ship’s going to sink."
→ 현재 상황(충돌 후)을 근거로 한 강한 예측.

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) – "He’s going to be famous after this."
→ 지금 벌어진 사건을 바탕으로 한 미래 예측.

The Martian (2015) – "I'm going to die if I don’t fix this."
→ 지금 처한 상황을 근거로 한 생존 가능성 진단.

Look out! We're going to crash.

I feel terrible. I think I am going to be sick.

Avengers: Infinity War (2018) – "The sky’s turning red. Something bad is going to happen."

Are you going to see the doctor next week?

I'm going to town on Sunday.

Sarah is going to have another baby in June.

When are you going to get your hair done?

La La Land (2016) – "I’m going to audition for that part. I’ve already made up my mind."

The Godfather (1972) – "I'm going to make him an offer he can't refuse."

The Fault in Our Stars (2012) – "I’m going to write a sequel."
→ 이미 마음먹고 작가가 되려는 결심을 표현.

The Hunger Games (2012) – "I’m going to volunteer as tribute."
→ 자신의 의도와 결정에 기반한 선언적 미래.

Twilight (2005) – "I'm going to stay with you."
→ 함께 하기로 결정한 감정적 의지.

A) Anything to drink, sir?

Inflation will increase by 1% over the next twelve months.

Her (2013) – "Technology will keep evolving whether we like it or not."

Interstellar (2014) – "It will take years to get there."

The Martian (2015) – "This storm will hit in less than an hour."
→ 과학적/객관적 근거 있는 예측에 사용.

The phone is ringing. That will be Sue. I'm expecting her to phone.

It will probably be him from the factory.

The Hunger Games (2012) – "If no one volunteers, she will be chosen.*"

Dune (2021) – "If I breathe that in, I will die.*"
→ 현재 사실을 바탕으로 조건적 결과 표현.

I think Liverpool will win.

I shall probably be home late tonight.

Who do you think will win on Saturday?

cf. 요즘엔 shall 과 will 의 쓰임을 잘 구분하지 않음.

La La Land (2016) – "I don’t know what I will do next."

Before Sunrise (1995) – "Maybe I will stay a little longer."
→ 확정되지 않은 열린 미래 계획.

He'll have an accident if he goes on driving like that.

If the weather's fine, we will have the party in the garden.

Look out - you'll fall!

Interstellar (2014) – "If we don’t act now, Earth will die."

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997) – "If you seek the stone, it will find you."

The Fault in Our Stars (2012) – "If you want me to come, I will."
→ 조건문 결과절에서 자연스럽게 쓰임.

Threat: I'll break his neck!

Promise: I'll phone you tonight.

Promise: The Notebook (2004) – "Noah, I will come back to you. I promise."

Taken (2008) – "I will find you, and I will kill you."

The Princess Bride (1987) – "I will always come for you."
→ will이 의도적 약속이나 위협을 강조할 때.

He will keep opening the window.

Jack is so lazy. He will spend the whole day lying in bed reading the papers.

Marriage Story (2019) – "He’ll just keep ignoring me until I explode."

The Office (US) – "He will interrupt everyone in meetings."

Friends (TV) – "She will leave dishes in the sink every time."
→ 반복되는 행동에 대한 짜증/불만 섞인 강조.

We shall need money on the 15th.

This will close electrical contact.

Inception (2010) – "Will it work? Will we wake up?"

Back to the Future (1985) – "What time will you arrive in 1985?"

The Maze Runner (2014) – "The gate will close at sundown."
→ 객관적 사실 전달이나 미래 일정 질의.

Don't phone Ann now. She'll be busy (now).

Why are you here? She'll be waiting for you at the park now.

Sherlock Holmes (2009) – "He will be working late tonight."

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) – "They will be in class now."
→ 지금쯤 뭐 하고 있을 거라는 논리적 현재 추정.

He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon.

Before Sunset (2004) – "I’m meeting her at the bookstore this evening."

Love Actually (2003) – "We’re going to get married in the summer."

Notting Hill (1999) – "She’s going to meet him for dinner."

The Holiday (2006) – "I’m going to stay in LA for a while."
→ 모두 미리 계획하고 정한 일정을 언급함.

I'm tired. I'm going to bed now. Goodnight.

Tina are you ready yet? Yes, I'm coming.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (2001) – "I’m leaving now, Ron. Wish me luck."

Titanic (1997) – "I’m going to jump!"

The Matrix (1999) – "He's going to shoot!"

The Hunger Games (2012) – "She’s going to run!"
→ 발화 순간 바로 직전에 일어날 동작에 사용됨. 긴박하고 즉각적인 느낌.

I have to go. My train leaves at 11:30.

What time does the movie start tonight?

Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) – "The train leaves at 10. We don’t have much time."

Does the sale finish on Thursday or Friday?

The sun rises at 5:16 tomorrow

I was just going to cross the road when somebody shouted 'Stop!'.

We were going to travel by train, but then we decided to go by car instead.

500 Days of Summer (2009) – "I was going to call you, but… I guess I lost my nerve."

I think I will be driving to work tomorrow.

I feel a bit hungry. I think I will have something to eat.

I think I'll study until late today.

I don't think I'll go out tonight. I'm too tired.

Pride & Prejudice (2005) – "I think I’ll take a walk alone."

Police officers are to visit every home in the area

We are about to eat. Do you want to join us?

The President is to return to Brazil today night.

The conference is to take place in July.

The King’s Speech (2010) – "You are to speak at 8 p.m. precisely."

I can't talk now. I'm just about to go out.

We're about to eat. Do you want to koin us?

Appearing on TV might make her famous, but it's not about to make her rich.

The Hunger Games (2012) – "She’s about to enter the arena."

David is on the point of leaving the company.

People are on the point of starvation as the drought continues.

Scientists are on the point of making major advances in the fight against AIDS.

Exhausted, mentally and physically, he was on the point of collapse.

The Imitation Game (2014) – "He was on the point of cracking the code when they shut him down."

This time next week, they'll be lying on the beach.

When it goes into orbit, the spacecraft will be carrying 30 kilos of plutonium

Will you be driving to work, as usual?

Will you be staying with us again tonight?

Arrival (2016) – "This time tomorrow, they will be speaking with the aliens again."

The Rolling Stones will be performing in Moscow in June.

Notting Hill (1999) – "At 7 p.m., we’ll be having dinner at that little Italian place you love."

Dr Lin will be giving the same talk in room 103 at ten next Thursday.

Will you be wanting anything else, sir?

Will you be having lunch at this hotel restaurant?

The Crown (2016) – "Will you be attending the state banquet this evening, Your Majesty?"

By the time the exam begins, I'll have forgotten everything!

Inception (2010) – "By the time they wake up, we’ll have already completed the job."

Interstellar (2014) – "By the time she returns, we’ll have aged decades."

I hope this mail will have reassured you that no further action is required.

By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

I'm sure his awful behaviour will soon have been forgotten.

By the end of the month, I'll have been working at this company!

The Martian (2015) – "By the time they rescue me, I’ll have been surviving here for over 500 sols."

Cast Away (2000) – "By the time someone finds me, I’ll have been talking to a volleyball for months."

Tennis fans will have been queuing at Wimbledon all day to buy tickets.

Hao will have been asking herself whether speed cameras are a good idea after she was fined 100$ last week for driving at 33mph in 30 mph zone.

Before Sunrise (1995) – "I had been walking around the city all night, trying to clear my head — and then I saw her."

The Notebook (2004) – "I had been waiting for you all my life."

The Great Gatsby (2013) – "I had been watching him for some time."

dele – “Someone Like You” (2011) – "I had been hoping you’d come back someday."
→ 희망이 계속되어 오다가 실현되지 않음.

The Notebook (2004) – "He had been waiting for her call for days, but it never came."

Stranger Things (TV, 2016) – "They had been searching for her since morning."
→ 오전부터 과거 특정 시점까지 이어진 동작.

The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) – "I had been working so hard before I finally got the job."
→ 노력해오던 상태가 과거의 변화점까지 이어짐.

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) – "He had been hiding something from us."
→ 과거 시점까지 계속 이어졌던 은폐 상태.

The new swimming pool has just been opened.

The Matrix (1999) – "The Matrix is controlled by machines."

Interstellar (2014) – "The mission was launched to save humanity."

The Imitation Game (2014) – "The machine was built in complete secrecy."

The Hunger Games (2012) – "A tribute was chosen from each district."
→ 주제나 키워드를 문장 앞으로 강조함.

The plastic casings are produced in China.

Interstellar (2014) – "Time is affected by gravity."

Iron Man (2008) – "The metal is heated and then molded into shape."
 → 기술적인 작업 과정 설명. 행위자 생략

Avatar (2009) – "The samples are analyzed in the lab before being approved."
 → 분석 행위의 객관성과 절차 강조

The Martian (2015) – "The soil was enriched with nitrogen."

Oppenheimer (2023) – "The atomic reaction was calculated under extreme pressure."

Arrival (2016) – "The symbols were decoded using mathematical algorithms."
→ 주어를 비인칭/비주체적 대상으로 처리하여 과학적 서술.

All pupils are taught computer skills.

It has been decided to close the factory.

The Post (2017) – "It has been decided that the Pentagon Papers will be published."
 → (누가 결정했는지는 밝히지 않고, 출판 결정을 강조)

The Hunger Games (2012) –
 "It was decided that two tributes could win."

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) –
 "It has been decided. Harry must compete."
 → (누가 결정했는지보다, 결정 자체에 초점)

1984 (George Orwell) – "It was decided that the report would be delayed."

The Crown (TV) – "It was announced that the Queen would visit Africa."

The Trial (Kafka) – "It was assumed he had committed a crime."
→ 주체를 감추고 체계적·비인칭 권위를 강조.

The new swimming pool has just been opened by the Mayor.

During the robbery, the manager was hit with a baseball bat.

If I give you the money could you get me same stamps?

If you've finished washing the floor, you can start cleaning the kitchen.

If it rains this afternoon, we're going to stay in and watch same DVDs.

If you're going to buy a car, make sure you get it checked by a garage.

If you're going to the shops, you'd better take same money!

If Cole scores now, that could be the end of the match!

Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) - “If you see him, tell him to run.”

future results

I’ll talk to your teacher(원인), if that will stop you worrying so much.(결과)

Open a window(원인) if it will help you to sleep.(결과)

Inception (2010) - “You’ll never convince him if he will not believe in the dream.”

'will', meaning 'insist on', or 'won't' meaning 'refuse to‘.

If you will(의지, 고집) wear such thin clothes, of course you'll feel cold'

If you won't(거절) listen to common sense, there's no point my talking to you.

Avengers: Endgame (2019) - “If you will fight alone, then don’t expect us to help.”

polite request

If you'll(공손) just wait here, I’ll tell Mr. Brown that you've arrived.

If you’d(공손) just fill in this form, I'll check the details.

If you will(공손) come this way, I'll show you your room.

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) - “If you will follow me, I’ll show you the way.”

If the Earth didn't have a Moon, there wouldn't be any tides.

If I knew her name, I would tell you.

She would be perfectly happy if she had a car

What would you do if you lost your job?

If I had a little drink yesterday, I wouldn't have a headache today. (성민규)

If I had more free time, I would go on a trip. (구희수)

Avengers: Infinity War (2018) - “If he were here, we would have a chance.”

It would be nice if you helped me a bit with the housework. (간접적 부탁)

Would it be all right if I came around about seven tomorrow? (공손)

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) - “I would appreciate it if you were quiet.”

The King’s Speech (2010) - “I would be grateful if you would speak slowly.”

Someone is looking after the children.

-> They are being looked after.

Someone shot at them.

If I knew her name, I should tell you.

If I married you, we should both be unhappy

If I had another £500, I could buy a car.

If you asked me nicely, I could get you a drink

If we all worked together, we might solve the problem faster

Pride & Prejudice (2005) - “If you should change your mind, I should be most happy.”

Supermarkets started to sell fresh pasta only in the 1990s.

-> Fresh pasta started to be sold by supermarkets only in the 1990s.

People have come to see organic food as something only the wealthy eat.

-> Organic food has come to be seen as something only the wealthy eat.

The Devil Wears Prada (2006) – "People have come to view fashion as something shallow and vain."
→ Fashion has come to be viewed as something shallow and vain.

Tom kissed Jane a good night kiss.

->Jane was kissed a good night kiss. (I.O 이동)

->A good night kiss was kissed. (D.O 이동)

That machine saved me a lot of trouble.

->I was saved a lot of trouble by that machine. (I.O 이동)

->A lot of trouble was saved from me by that machine. (D.O 이동)

Friends (1994) – "Ross denied Rachel a proper goodbye."
→ Rachel was denied a proper goodbye by Ross. (I.O 이동)
→ A proper goodbye was denied to Rachel by Ross. (D.O 이동)

Jane passed me a salt.

->A salt was passed. (D.O 이동)

->I was passed a salt. (I.O 이동)

La La Land (2016) – "Sebastian cooked Mia a lovely dinner."
→ A lovely dinner was cooked for Mia by Sebastian. (D.O 이동)
→ Mia was cooked a lovely dinner. (I.O 이동)

Emily in Paris (2020) – "Luc wrote Emily a recommendation letter."
→ A recommendation letter was written for Emily by Luc. (D.O 이동)
→ Emily was written a recommendation letter. (I.O 이동)

They informed me that I had failed again.

->I was informed that I had failed again.

They reminded me that I was late for the meeting.

->I was reminded that I was late for the meeting.

They told me that a terrible war is imminent.

->I was told that a terrible war is imminent.

The Hunger Games (2012) – "They informed Katniss that her name had been drawn."
→ Katniss was informed that her name had been drawn.

The attorney convinced the jury of his innocence.

-> The jury were convinced of his innocence.

Suits (2011) – "She reminded Harvey of the court date."

-> Harvey was reminded of the court date.

Mission: Impossible (1996) – "They warned Ethan about the ambush."

-> Ethan was warned about the ambush.

People consider her attractive.

-> She is considered attractive.

They elected Jim class representative.

-> Jim was elected class representative.

(class representative는 목적어가 아니기에 앞으로 꺼낼 수 없음)

We thought of him as a fool.

-> He was thought of as a fool.

She ordered me to turn off the TV.

-> I was ordered to turn off the TV.

The Crown (2016) – "They appointed Elizabeth the new queen."

→ Elizabeth was appointed the new queen.

They made Helen write the test again.

-> Helen was made to write the test again.

Whiplash (2014) – "Fletcher made me bleed for perfection."
→ I was made to bleed for perfection.

The Queen's Gambit (2020) – "He made her study chess openings for hours."
→ She was made to study chess openings for hours.

Maria had him review the report.

-> He was asked to review the report.

Grey's Anatomy (2005) – "Dr. Bailey had me check the patient's vitals again."
→ I was asked to check the patient's vitals again.

Stranger Things (2016) – "Hopper had the kids wait at the cabin."
→ The kids were asked to wait at the cabin.

My mother let him drink a cup of coffee.

-> He was allowed to drink a cup of coffee.

The Truman Show (1998) – "They never let Truman leave the set."
→ Truman was never allowed to leave the set.

Parasite (2019) – "They let the tutor enter without checking ID."
→ The tutor was allowed to enter without checking ID.

I saw him leave.

-> He was seen to leave.

(to 살려주기)

I saw him leaving.

-> He was seen leaving.

(ing 형태 유지)

I saw him cross the road.

-> He was seen to cross the road.

I saw him crossing the road.

-> He was seen crossing the road.

Jason Bourne (2016) - "I saw him cross the border into Greece."
→ He was seen to cross the border into Greece.

: 국경 넘는 전체 장면을 본 것

Sherlock (2010) - "I saw him running down Baker Street."
→ He was seen running down Baker Street.

: 뛰고 있는 도중을 본 것

I heard somebody call my name behind me.

-> Somebody was heard to call my name (by me) behind me. (사용 X. 의미상 이상함)

-> I heard my name called by somebody behind me.

(was는 안 넣는게 낫지만, I heard that… 이면 was called도 OK)

The Bourne Identity (2002) – "I heard someone open the emergency exit."

-> Someone was heard to open the emergency exit by me. (의미상 이상함)

-> I heard the emergency exit being opened.

Susan liked Karl to be there.

-> Karl was liked to be there.

Mean Girls (2004) - "They preferred Regina to keep quiet."
-> Regina was preferred to keep quiet.

10 Things I Hate About You (1999) - "She hated me to sing in public."
-> I was hated to sing in public by her.

Memorize this sentence.

->Let this sentence be memorized.

Complete the task immediately.

->Let the task be completed immediately.

Don’t forget this historic event.

-> Don’t let this historic event be forgotten.

-> Let this historic event not be forgotten.

The Dark Knight Rises (2012) – "Remember who you are."

→ Let who you are be remembered.

Cancer will disappear in the near future. (O)

Cancer will be disappeared in the near future. (X)

Avengers: Infinity War (2018) - “People just disappeared.” (O)

“People were disappeared” (X)

Titanic (1997) - “When the ship sank, it pulled everyone down.” (O)

“The ship was sunk by itself.” (X)

He went into the problem.

-> The problem was gone into by him.

=> go into = investigate

The Imitation Game (2014) - "The matter was dealt with swiftly."

원형: “They dealt with the matter swiftly.”

=> deal with = 처리하다

The Post (2017) - “The article was gone over multiple times.”

원형: “We went over the article multiple times.”

=> go over = 검토하다, 반복하다

Princess Jasmine resembles her father.

-> Her father is resembled by Princess Jasmine.

(의지가 포함되지 않는 경우)

The Great Gatsby (2013) - “I thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe.”

->“My shoe wasn't fit to be licked by him.”

I'm Thinking of Ending Things (2020) - “It's a uniquely human fantasy that things will get better.”

-> “Better times will be gotten by things.”

If the ship had had more lifeboats, more passengers would have been saved.

If the ship hadn't hit an iceberg, it wouldn't have sun.

If another ship hadn't arrived soon afterwards, none of the passengers would have been save.

If the ship had been travelling more slowly, it might have avoided the iceberg.

If you had asked me, I would have told you.

I would have been in bad situation if Jane hadn't helped me.

If I had gone to bed earlier last night, I wouldn’t have been so tired today. (설미강)

If I had worked out hard, I would have been physically fit. (성민규)

If I had studied a bit earlier, I wouldn’t have pulled an all-nighter. (구희수)

Avengers: Endgame (2019) - “If we had stopped him earlier, none of this would have happened.”

Titanic (1997) - “If he had listened to the warnings, the ship would have avoided the iceberg.”

If you hadn't given me a lift, I'd probably still be at the station.

If she had worn her seat-belt, she would still be alive.

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - “If Harry hadn’t grabbed the cup, he would face only one opponent.”

The Dark Knight Rises (2012) - “If they had caught Bane earlier, Gotham would stand a chance.”

If you weren't so lazy, you'd have finished your work by now.

If she was better-qualified, she would have got the job.

Interstellar (2014) - “If we were smarter, we would have saved the Earth.”

Doctor Strange (2016) - “If he were more careful, he would have avoided the crash.”

If you don't help me, I won't be able to lift this. = I won't be able to lift this unless you help me.

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) - “We cannot defeat them unless we stand together.”

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) - “You won’t succeed unless you try.”

Help me with this, otherwise I won't be able to lift it. = Help me with this. I won't be able to lift it otherwise. (끝에 와도 됨)

Inception (2010) - “You must wake up now, otherwise you will be stuck in the dream forever.”

The Hunger Games (2012) - “Finish the training, otherwise you won’t be ready for the games.”

If only you'd told me, I could have helped you.

If only it would stop raining, we could go out. If only somebody would smile!

If only she hadn't told the police, everything would have been all right.

If only he improves his IT skills, he will easily get a job.

The Lion King (1994) - “If only I were brave enough to face my fears.”

If only you'd told me!

If only I knew more people!

If only I was better-looking!

If only your father were here!

Titanic (1997) - “If only we had more time.”

I want it to be done as quickly as possible

I’m going to make him work hard from now on.

I’m going to let him do whatever he wants to

The Devil Wears Prada (2006) - “She made me stay late.”

The Social Network (2010) - “He had his team fix the problem.”

Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) - “They let him go free.”

The salesman was so persuasive that he got me to buy a new car.

The movie was so sad. When the hero died, it got everybody in the audience crying.

I sometimes get in too much of a rush to get things done.

I can’t get that child to go to bed.

I couldn’t get the car to start.

Ocean’s Eleven (2001) - “We need to get him to open the vault.”

Inception (2010) - “They got him to reveal his secret through the dream.”

I let the doctor take off the ventilator.

It's just letting the truth speak for itself.

The club is careful not to let the younger players be overexposed to the media.

I let these files be sent to him.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (J.K. Rowling) – “Hagrid let me ride the Hippogriff.”

The secret of happiness is to make others believe they are the cause of it.

You have to speak up to make yourself heard.

The first duty of a leader is to make himself be loved without courting love.

Whiplash (2014) – “He made me play until my fingers bled.”

We're having our flat decorated.

She's going to have a tooth taken out.