Unit 3 by https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0 en-us 2016-10-11 12:25:13 UTC 2016-10-26 12:59:02 UTC hello@padlet.com I can understand the difference between top-down and bottom-up processes of sensation and perception. meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/129767061 1. Perception is top-down
2. Sensation is bottom-up
3. Top-down processing can ignore some sensory information to prevent redundancy.
4. Absolute Threshold: stimulus detected 50% of the time; Weber's law: differences detected on a log scale

]]> 2016-10-11 12:26:08 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/129767061 I can understand the difference absolute, subliminal, and difference thresholds.  meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/130096793 Just Noticeable Difference: the minimal difference a person can detect between two stimuli (light =8%, weight =2%, tone=.3%
Subliminal: Stimuli detected less than 50% of the time
Absolute: Stimuli detected 50% of the time]]> 2016-10-12 12:32:11 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/130096793 I can understand the parts and path of vision. meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/130404734 Lens - changes shapes to accommodate distance
Retina - lining at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones
Blind Spot - No light sensitive cells
Fovea - line of central focus with cones
Optic Nerve - carries visual info to thalamus then visual cortex
Optic Chiasm -  where nerves cross each other
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus - where the thalamus interprets images
Cornea --> Aqueous Humor --> pupil --> lens --> vitreous humor --> Retina --> Receptor Cells (rods/cones) --> bipolar cells --> ganglion cells (Optic Nerve - Magnocellular = motion; parvocellular = color) --> LGN
Transduction: Light passes through retina layers]]> 2016-10-13 12:33:33 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/130404734 I can differentiate between binocular and monocular cues. meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131106023 Color Constancy: perception of familiar objects as having consistent colors, even with changing illumination
Perception Rules:
1. Figure-Ground: organize info into a figure seen against a ground
2. Proximity: group nearby figures together
3. Similarity: group similar figures together
4. Continuity: smooth, continuous patterns
5. Connectedness: linked spots, lines, or areas are seen as single units
Depth Perception: 2D perceived as 3D - estimate distance - developed by 6 months
Visual Constancy: perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal images --> Color, Shape, Size, Location, Brightness
Monarual Cue: louder sound = closer sound
Binarual Cue: multi directional audio perspective

]]> 2016-10-17 12:42:56 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131106023 Monocular Cues: Cues that require one eye meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131114790 Interposition: One object blocks view of another
Relative Shape: objects perceived as same shape despite different angles
Relative Size: With two objects of the same size, the closer one has a larger retinal image
Relative Clarity: Hazy objects closer than fine objects
Linear Perspective: Lines converge
Light & Shadow: dim objects farther away  ]]> 2016-10-17 13:03:07 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131114790 Binocular Cues: Cues that require both eyes meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131114960 Retinal Disparity: difference between sight of two eyes
Convergence: eyes converge inward towards object
Combines two retinal images to create 3D
Motion Perception: 
Assumption: closer object gets larger
Stroboscopic Movement: motion pictures
Phi Phenomenon: illusion of lights
Autokinetic Illusion: perceived motion created by single stationary object]]> 2016-10-17 13:03:27 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131114960 Parts of the ear meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131114961 Pinna: outer ear
Auditory Canal: air travels through air
Eardrum: vibrates when sound reaches it
Middle Ear: made up of 3 ossicles: hammer, anvil, and stirrup
Oval window: air enters and transforms into liquid
Cochlea: snail shape
Basilar membrane: small hairs that vibrate inside cochlea
Vestibular sacks: balance
Organ of corti
Auditory Nerve
Temporal lobe: auditory information is processed
Eustachian Tube: connects ear and throat

]]> 2016-10-17 13:03:27 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/131114961 Chemical Senses meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/132662758 Olfactory:
-extremely sensitive
-receptor cells
-does not go to thalamus
-direct connection with limbic system
Gustation:
-papillae: receptor cells for taste
-smoking/drinking diminish taste
Skin:
-pressure, temperature, pain
-controlled by sensory cortex
-kinesthesis: sense of body parts
-vestibular sacs: dizziness
semicircular sacs: balance
Pain:
-Gate Control Theory: gate in spinal cord controls transmission of pain to the brain

]]> 2016-10-24 12:26:00 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/132662758 What are arguments for and against receiving a cochlear implant? After receiving cochlear implants what are some of the benefits and struggles that are experienced? meghanpal0347 https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/133288672 1. Pros: the ability to hear, easier to interact with others
Cons:The surgery is invasive, lose exposure to deaf culture
2.Benefits: ability to hear immediately, speech improves, easier to communicate with other hearing individuals, more opportunities
Struggles: Difficult to learn to speak clearly]]> 2016-10-26 12:31:36 UTC https://padlet.com/meghanpal0347/xwa0wfg84sr0/wish/133288672