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      <pubDate>2025-05-13 14:22:30 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-13 14:47:16 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>file:///C:/Users/avaes1/Downloads/9780141991740.pdf</title>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-13 15:10:30 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>1. Introduction: The Urgency of Action</title>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Is the current global climate crisis a result of human actions, or is it part of a natural cycle?”</p><p><br/></p><p>2. The Science Behind Climate Change</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Should governments rely more on scientific research or on public opinion when making decisions about climate change policies?”</p><p><br/></p><p>3. The Role of Governments and Leaders</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Is it more important for world leaders to focus on economic growth or to take immediate action against climate change?”</p><p><br/></p><p>4. Climate Justice and Inequality</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Should wealthier countries bear more responsibility for solving the climate crisis, considering they have contributed more to global pollution?”</p><p><br/></p><p>5. The Power of Young People in Activism</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Do young activists like Greta Thunberg have a moral obligation to lead climate movements, or should this responsibility lie with older generations?”</p><p><br/></p><p>6. The Media’s Role in the Climate Crisis</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Has the media effectively informed the public about the urgency of the climate crisis, or have they contributed to climate inaction?”</p><p><br/></p><p>7. The Ethics of Climate Change</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Is it ethical to prioritize economic development over the long-term health of the planet, even if it means damaging the environment in the short term?”</p><p><br/></p><p>8. Global vs. Local Action</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Should individual actions to combat climate change be emphasized more than global policies, or vice versa?”</p><p><br/></p><p>9. The Role of Corporations</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Are corporations doing enough to fight climate change, or are they more focused on greenwashing to improve their image?”</p><p><br/></p><p>10. The Climate Crisis and Mental Health</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Does the climate crisis contribute significantly to mental health problems, especially among young people, and should this be a bigger part of the conversation?”</p><p><br/></p><p>11. Greta Thunberg’s Personal Experience and Leadership</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“Is it fair to place the burden of leading climate activism on one individual, or should the responsibility be shared more equally across society?”</p><p><br/></p><p>12. The Future of Our Planet</p><p>Debate Question:</p><p>“If current climate change trends continue, what will be the most damaging consequence for future generations, and what can we do now to prevent it?”</p><p><br/></p><p>These questions should spark thoughtful discussions and encourage students to engage critically with the material, both on an intellectual and emotional level.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-14 02:37:02 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>End of Single Use Plastic</title>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-14 04:34:28 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-14 06:51:34 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-14 13:42:16 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Climate change protests and government accountability</title>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>The role of Indigenous communities in environmental protection</p><p><br/></p><p>Eco-anxiety and how activism helps youth cope</p><p><br/></p><p>Animal rights activism: Ethics and impact</p><p><br/></p><p>Greenwashing: How companies use environmental activism as a PR tool</p><p><br/></p><p>🧑🏾‍🤝‍🧑🏻 Social Justice Activism</p><p>Racial justice and the legacy of Black Lives Matter</p><p><br/></p><p>Gender equality activism in the 21st century</p><p><br/></p><p>The role of allies in social justice movements</p><p><br/></p><p>The fight for Indigenous sovereignty and land rights</p><p><br/></p><p>Activism against police brutality and mass incarceration</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-14 14:18:37 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-14 14:54:18 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 02:18:11 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>The climate fresk</title>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>Concept developped by an environmentalist</p><p>The objective was to make climate change accessible to everyone</p><p>This is a completely free activity</p><p>Since then other fresks have been created such as the plastic fresk, biodiversity, circular economy _</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 02:22:08 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 02:43:53 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>The Climate Fresk NGO was created in December 2018 by Cédric Ringenbach in order to accelerate the spread of the tool, to train and upskill Climate Fresk facilitators who are the international community of Freskers.</title>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 02:44:48 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 02:46:00 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Deforestation negatively impacts CO2 levels by reducing the amount of carbon absorbed by trees and releasing previously stored carbon into the atmosphere. When forests are cleared, less carbon dioxide is taken up by trees through photosynthesis, and the carbon stored in the trees and soil is released back into the atmosphere as CO2. This release of CO2 contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming. </title>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 03:18:59 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 03:43:14 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>https://memo.climatefresk.org/en-US/v8.4/card/19</title>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-15 05:51:35 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-16 05:27:38 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-19 02:27:12 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-19 02:50:52 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>What is the average carbon footprint per person?</title>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions. The average carbon footprint for a person in the United States is 16 tons, one of the highest rates in the world. Globally, the average carbon footprint is closer to 4 tons.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-19 14:26:17 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>A long-haul flight from Singapore to London, including the round trip, generates a significant carbon footprint, roughly 933kg of CO2.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-19 14:26:39 UTC</pubDate>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="sc-f9178328-0 bGFWdi" href="https://theicct.org/publications/co2-emissions-commercial-aviation-2018"><strong>Around 2.4%</strong></a> of global CO2 emissions come from aviation. Together with other gases and the <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="sc-f9178328-0 bGFWdi" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04068-0"><strong>water vapour trails produced by aircraft</strong></a>, the industry is responsible for <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="sc-f9178328-0 bGFWdi" href="https://www.transportenvironment.org/what-we-do/flying-and-climate-change"><strong>around 5%</strong></a> of global warming.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-19 15:03:06 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>A return flight from London to San Francisco emits around 5.5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) per person – more than <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="sc-f9178328-0 bGFWdi" href="https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/article/the-four-lifestyle-choices-that-most-reduce-your-carbon-footprint"><strong>twice</strong></a> the emissions produced by a family car in a year, and about half of the average <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="sc-f9178328-0 bGFWdi" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uks-carbon-footprint"><strong>carbon footprint</strong></a> of someone living in Britain. Even a return flight from London to Berlin emits around 0.6 tonnes CO2e – three times the emissions <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="sc-f9178328-0 bGFWdi" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541/meta"><strong>saved from a year of recycling</strong></a>.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-19 15:04:50 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://nosgestesclimat.fr/" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-20 04:27:30 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Radiative forcing is a concept used in climate science to quantify the change in energy balance in Earth&#39;s atmosphere. It represents the difference between the amount of energy entering the atmosphere (such as solar radiation) and the amount leaving it (such as infrared radiation).</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-20 05:26:45 UTC</pubDate>
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         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p><strong>Impacts:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Reduced Soil Fertility:</strong> Salinization can severely reduce the amount of nutrients available to plants, making it difficult for crops to grow.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p><strong>Reduced Crop Yield and Quality:</strong> The accumulation of salts can negatively affect plant growth, reducing both crop yield and quality.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p><strong>Soil Degradation:</strong> Salinization can disrupt soil structure and aggregate stability, leading to further degradation.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p><strong>Environmental Damage:</strong> Salinization can harm other ecosystems, including freshwater ecosystems, and affect the overall health of the environment.&nbsp;</p></li></ul></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-20 14:57:26 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>What is the Paris Agreement goal for 2050?</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460483460</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Currently, the Earth is already about 1.2°C warmer than it was in the late 1800s, and emissions continue to rise. To keep global warming to no more than 1.5°C – as called for in the Paris Agreement – emissions need to be reduced by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 03:40:33 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The global average carbon footprint per person is around 4.8 metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year. This is equivalent to driving an SUV for 18 months or taking two round-trip flights between Singapore and New York. To have a good chance of limiting global warming to 2°C, this average needs to drop to under 2 tons by 2050. </title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460487173</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 03:42:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460487173</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015 by the UNFCCC. It aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels, with the goal of pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit). The agreement requires all countries to set emissions reduction pledges (Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs) and to strengthen their commitments over time. </title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460488405</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 03:43:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460488405</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Yes, Greta Thunberg is credited with starting the Fridays for Future movement. In 2018, she began a school strike outside the Swedish parliament, protesting the lack of climate action, and inspired others to join her. The movement quickly grew globally, with students and activists organizing strikes every Friday</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460543617</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 04:21:54 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460628044</link>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-21 05:11:55 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460694709</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-21 05:52:16 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460695313</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/can-semakau-landfill-s-lifespan-be-extended-with-full-capacity-looming" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 05:52:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460695313</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460731680</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-21 06:12:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460731680</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460775945</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://youtu.be/JOuCV81K8Ng" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 06:34:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460775945</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460777085</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/domestic-recycling-rate-stalls-at-12-despite-decline-in-household-waste" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 06:34:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3460777085</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3461191774</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>15% is not much, but it varies a lot depending on the country and lifestyle. In Western countries, the share of transportation, especially air travel, can account for a significant part of people's carbon footprint. If you take one or more long haul flights a year, that's the bulk of your carbon footprint.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-21 11:47:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3461191774</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3462144745</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-22 01:32:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3462144745</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The global average carbon footprint needs to drop significantly to under 2 tons per person by 2050 to avoid a 2°C rise in global temperatures. Individual footprints are often much higher, with the average in the US being around 16 tons. </title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3462726128</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-22 06:31:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3462726128</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3462842108</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://theroundup.org/co2-greenhouse-gas-emission-statistics/" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-22 07:34:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3462842108</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>WINNER OF THE NEW AMERICAN VOICES AWARD</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464358709</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>LONGLISTED FOR THE ANDREW CARNEGIE MEDAL FOR EXCELLENCE AND THE JOYCE CAROL OATES PRIZE</p><p>NAMED A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR BY TIME, TOWN &amp; COUNTRY, KIRKUS, ELECTRIC LITERATURE AND BOOKPAGE!</p><p>"Stunning…epic…impressive…It is a pleasure to simply live alongside these characters.”—The New York Times</p><p>"A deep and powerful love story."—NBC The Today Show</p><p><br/></p><p>"A beautifully written novel. I loved so much in this book: the richly imagined setting, the complicated love story, and the heartbreaking way history can tear apart a family." —Ann Napolitano, New York Times bestselling author of Hello Beautiful</p><p>Set against a changing Singapore, a sweeping novel about one boy’s unique gifts and the childhood love that will complicate the fate of his community and country</p><p>Ah Boon is born into a fishing village amid the heat and beauty of twentieth-century coastal Singapore in the waning years of British rule. He is a gentle boy who is not much interested in fishing, preferring to spend his days playing with the neighbor girl, Siok Mei. But when he discovers he has the unique ability to locate bountiful, movable islands that no one else can find, he feels a new sense of obligation and possibility—something to offer the community and impress the spirited girl he has come to love.</p><p> </p><p>By the time they are teens, Ah Boon and Siok Mei are caught in the tragic sweep of history: the Japanese army invades, the resistance rises, grief intrudes, and the future of the fishing village is in jeopardy. As the nation hurtles toward rebirth, the two friends, newly empowered, must decide who they want to be, and what they are willing to give up.</p><p>An aching love story and powerful coming-of-age that reckons with the legacy of British colonialism, the World War II Japanese occupation, and the pursuit of modernity, The Great Reclamation confronts the wounds of progress, the sacrifices of love, and the difficulty of defining home when nature and nation collide, literally shifting the land beneath people’s feet.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-23 04:54:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464358709</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OU0rigiDxmmJp2J6xnAsEtDcJHkI2etp/view</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464365078</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OU0rigiDxmmJp2J6xnAsEtDcJHkI2etp/view" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-23 04:59:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464365078</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464395984</link>
         <description><![CDATA[It is certain that land-scarce Singapore will press ahead with reclamation to meet the demands of its growing population in the foreseeable future. In the 2013 Land Use Plan, the Ministry of National Development has noted that there is a need to provide an additional 5,600 hectares of land by 2030. This is to accommodate the expected increase in population, rising from the present 5.7 million to between 6.5 and 6.9 million.

But there are limits to land reclamation – the rising cost of imported sand, the deleterious impact on the ecosystem and the encroachment of shipping lanes and territorial limits, among others. As an aggressive land reclamation programme is not tenable in the long term, Singapore is looking at other ways of maximising its land space; this includes the development of reserve land, intensifying land usage in new developments, and reusing and rezoning old industrial areas and golf courses for more productive purposes.52]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-23 05:17:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464395984</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464396894</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-23 05:17:47 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464426661</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.singaporeatriumsale.com.sg/post/singapores-remarkable-transformation-a-25-increase-in-land-area-through-engineering-marvels" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-23 05:36:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3464426661</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3465849049</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.fresquedesnouveauxrecits.org/en-new-narratives-collage/" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-25 00:00:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3465849049</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467012726</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-26 05:14:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467012726</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Equity and equality are distinct concepts:</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467224751</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Equality means providing the same resources or opportunities to everyone, ensuring that everyone is treated the same.</p><p><br/></p><p>Equity, on the other hand, involves recognizing that individuals have different circumstances and allocating resources accordingly to achieve fair outcomes.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-26 07:21:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467224751</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467228583</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.shl.com/assets/blogs/blog-image-equality__ResizedImageWzYwMCw2NzRd.png" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-26 07:23:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467228583</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Until you start focusing on what needs to be done rather than what is</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467231629</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>politically possible, there’s no hope. We cannot solve a crisis without</p><p>treating it as a crisis. We need to keep the fossil fuels in the ground and we</p><p>need to focus on equity</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-26 07:25:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467231629</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467272879</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/difference-between-kyoto-protocol-and-paris-agreement" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-26 07:53:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467272879</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessment of climate change. It is a key source of scientific information and technical guidance to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Paris Agreement.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467275510</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-26 07:55:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467275510</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>From 1995 and on, the UNFCCC Secretariat organizes an annual Conference of Parties (COP) toward the end of every year, under the terms defined by the Framework Convention. In each of these COPs, representatives from the ratifying nations (Parties) would gather for two weeks to negotiate and establish the international mechanisms and policies of tackling the runaway greenhouse gas emissions and the consequences, based on the scientific assessments and findings issued by IPCC.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467283794</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-26 08:02:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3467283794</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>UNFCCC stands for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It is an international agreement adopted by 197 Parties (196 countries and the EU). The UNFCCC is the foundation for intergovernmental action to address climate change. (1994)</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468498971</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-27 03:43:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468498971</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that builds upon the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was adopted in 1997 and commits industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468502961</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-27 03:45:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468502961</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468509518</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-27 03:50:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468509518</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Paris Agreement, a legally binding international treaty on climate change, aims to limit global temperature increases to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It requires countries to regularly review and update their emissions reduction pledges, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), every five years.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468576984</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-27 04:37:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468576984</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Let&#39;s be real, coral reefs are more than just pretty underwater postcards. They are our underwater cities, where over 250 species of hard corals and more than 100 species of reef fish have been recorded right here in Singapore. They buffer our shores from waves, sustain fisheries, and provide a unique window into the rich biodiversity of Singapore&#39;s marine life. But human activity is quickly tipping the balance.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468660792</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Closer to home, record high temperatures and even oil spills threatened Singapore’s reefs, with 2024 witnessing a harrowing 40% of coral reefs bleached across our Southern Islands. Coral reefs are only 1% of the sea, but home to 25% of </p><p>Coral reefs are only 1% of the sea, but home to 25% of marine life. Learn how corals support the ocean and people.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-27 05:19:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468660792</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468663971</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1603509173/0e9e4f82d68c21b3aef405936d69cba8/Circular_economy_1.docx" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-27 05:21:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3468663971</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3469285400</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>"Angmoh" is a colloquial Singlish term used to refer to <strong><mark>Caucasians, particularly those of Western origin</mark></strong>. It's a shortened version of the Hokkien phrase "红毛" (hóng máo), which literally means "red-haired man". Historically, this term was used to describe Europeans with red hair, but it has evolved to encompass all Caucasians</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-27 13:19:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3469285400</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>she says. “I wanted to write about how Singapore came to be the place that I grew up in, and what choices and sacrifices had been made along the way.”</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3470365378</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-28 04:22:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3470365378</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rachel</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3470371714</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>I’ve always been interested in land reclamation. I went to Ngee Ann Primary in Marine Parade, which is built on reclaimed land. And I remember being in probably Primary One, and the teacher saying, “This floor that we’re on right now – this used to be the sea.” This idea that the land didn’t used to be there until quite recently, or that you could make land where there wasn’t land seemed really exhilarating, but also a frightening thing for a child to hear. And I think that feeling kind of persisted throughout my life in Singapore, because you do see the landscape shift so much when you grow up here, and probably less so in my generation, much more so in the past.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-28 04:26:20 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>My mom grew up in one of the crowded wooden [shop]houses on the five-footway. And she said whenever someone on the street got an HDB flat, the whole street would go and look at the flat when they moved in. And she knew all these details, like [the flooring] comes with linoleum, but if you can, you should put tiles. Or like the windows were a certain way, but you could change them. And then people would put tarps on the kitchen window.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3470374675</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-28 04:27:51 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Back then I knew I wanted to write a historical novel that was about nation formation, how modern Singapore came to be. Thinking about the sand receding, it felt ironic. So much effort had gone into making this, surmounting the limitations of physical reality, only to be faced with the powerful force of climate change and rising sea levels.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3470379282</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-28 04:30:52 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3470997693</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>“Gah Men” is a Singlish corruption of “government”; Heng fancifully extends the lingo here, designating people in the civil service as “Gah Men” and “Gah Women.”</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-28 13:17:28 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>6.9 million by 2030 (Singapore’s population)</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471002579</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-28 13:21:34 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471004732</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-28 13:23:40 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>None of these countries have zero emissions, however, they each have self-declared government data showing that they remove as much or more carbon from the atmosphere as they emit.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471699328</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Which countries will achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050?</p><p>As of May 2025, according to Net Zero Tracker, there are 15 individual countries that have written in law that they will become net-zero or climate neutral by (or before) 2050.</p><p><br/></p><p>Canada</p><p>Germany</p><p>Denmark</p><p>Spain</p><p>Fiji</p><p>France</p><p>United Kingdom</p><p>Hungary</p><p>Ireland</p><p>Japan</p><p>South Korea</p><p>Luxembourg</p><p>New Zealand</p><p>Portugal</p><p>Sweden</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-29 01:32:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471699328</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Insulating our homes and relying less on central heating. Adjusting our thermostats down by 2 degrees.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471709799</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Switching from petrol and diesel cars to hybrid and electric cars or electric bikes.</p><p>Driving less and making more use of car pools, public transport - or walking and cycling where possible.</p><p>Using less hot water by taking shorter showers and washing laundry in cold water</p><p>Recycling and reusing whenever possible.</p><p>Turning off lights and electrical devices when not in use.</p><p>Buying energy-efficient and environmentally friendly products and appliances whenever possible.</p><p>Planting more trees.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-29 01:37:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471709799</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-29 01:40:00 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471715367</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-29 01:40:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471715367</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Insulating our homes and relying less on central heating. Adjusting our thermostats down by 2 degrees.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471717364</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Switching from petrol and diesel cars to hybrid and electric cars or electric bikes.</p><p>Driving less and making more use of car pools, public transport - or walking and cycling where possible.</p><p>Using less hot water by taking shorter showers and washing laundry in cold water</p><p>Recycling and reusing whenever possible.</p><p>Turning off lights and electrical devices when not in use.</p><p>Buying energy-efficient and environmentally friendly products and appliances whenever possible.</p><p>Planting more trees.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-29 01:41:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471717364</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3471969252</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-29 03:50:02 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Great Reclamation was written in 2023</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3472354442</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-29 08:32:35 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3472358998</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-29 08:38:58 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-29 11:48:34 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3473261632</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-30 02:09:00 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3473321171</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-30 02:38:49 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Singapore will need to reclaim 5.000 hectares of land (2030) to accomodate a rising population : 5.7 MIO today 6.9 MIO projected for 2030</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3473340527</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-30 02:49:32 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3473341616</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg/vol-13/issue-1/apr-jun-2017/land-from-sand/" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-30 02:50:11 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Questions Noelle</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3473509075</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>ADAM:</p><p>How has Singapore’s approach to land reclamation evolved since its start?</p><p><br/></p><p>Do eco-friendly land reclamation technologies exist?</p><p><br/></p><p>Could Singapore eventually run out of sea space to reclaim, and what then?</p><p><br/></p><p>Could Singapore export its land reclamation expertise as a service to other coastal cities facing similar space constraints?</p><p><br/></p><p>PAUL:</p><p><br/></p><p>Thank you for reminding me, my question was “does land reclamation cause a rise in sea levels?”</p><p><br/></p><p>LOUIS J:</p><p>In your line of work, how do you cope with the destroyal of coral reefs in Singapore?</p><p>What does Singapore implement to make the coral reefs grow back to keep the biodiversity rich and varied, so important for the survival of the island?</p><p><br/></p><p>Erwan:</p><p><strong>"What strategies has Singapore used to ensure the sustainability of its land reclamation projects?"</strong></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-30 04:56:48 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3474732799</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-31 23:31:48 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3474732994</link>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-31 23:32:49 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Before the Gah Men, there were the Ang Mohs. Pale freckled white ghosts who smelled of baby formula, with bleached hair and eyes drained of color. They wore impractical outfits for the 30-degree heat and 90-percent humidity: long-sleeved shirts and pleated trousers, charcoal blazers that ended at the hip, ties knotted around flabby necks. It was said they founded the island in the nineteenth century. Founded, as if it had not been there before.</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3474989117</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-06-01 13:43:14 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Singapore is a major importer of sand, with Indonesia being a major supplier. Singapore faces challenges in sourcing sand sustainably and is exploring alternatives like recycled construction debris and marine sediments. </title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3475355746</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-06-02 01:18:50 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Sook Ching episode, Synonan: light of the South</title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3475357049</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Singapore is a major importer of sand, with Indonesia being a major supplier. Singapore faces challenges in sourcing sand sustainably and is exploring alternatives like recycled construction debris and marine sediments. </title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3475358035</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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      <item>
         <title>Henderson Island is part of the Pitcairn Islands, a British Overseas Territory in the South Pacific. It is administered from New Zealand, according to World Heritage UK. </title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3475763568</link>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/a_vaes1/xvmw9szfz2a8aswm/wish/3476680015</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-06-02 23:17:33 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <pubDate>2025-06-03 01:35:25 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Teochew</title>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p><br/></p><p>1.</p><p>a member of a people of the Guangdong province of south-eastern China.</p><p>2.</p><p>the dialect spoken by the Teochew.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-06-03 01:36:40 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <title></title>
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         <pubDate>2025-06-03 09:31:48 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>a_vaes1</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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