Communicable diseases by Henrik Stahl https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp Each group list facts about their communicable disease en-us 2017-11-22 07:21:52 UTC 2017-11-22 07:43:39 UTC hello@padlet.com Diarrheal diseases: https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345282 Diarrhea is defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or more frequent passage than is normal for the individual).

Diarrhea is usually a symptom of an infection in the intestinal tract, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms. Infection is spread through contaminated food or drinking-water, or from person-to-person as a result of poor hygiene.

There are three clinical types of diarrhea:
  • acute watery diarrhea – lasts several hours or days, and includes cholera;
  • acute bloody diarrhoea – also called dysentery; and
  • persistent diarrhea – lasts 14 days or longer.
-----------------------------------
  • Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. 
  • Each year diarrhea kills around 525000 children under five.
  • A significant proportion of diarrheal disease can be prevented through safe drinking-water and adequate sanitation and hygiene.
  • Globally, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal disease every year.
  • Diarrheal is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years old.
For more information: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/

]]> 2017-11-22 07:28:55 UTC https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345282 Malaria https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345292
Malaria was eliminated from the United States in the early 1950’s.

Process  :
-Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It’s typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream.

-Once the parasites are inside your body, they travel to the liver, where they mature. After several days, the mature parasites enter the bloodstream and begin to infect red blood cells. Within 48 to 72 hours, the parasites inside the red blood cells multiply, causing the infected cells to burst open.  

The symptoms will start within 2 to 3 days 

Facts :

1) 3.2 billion people live in areas at risk of malaria transmission in 106 countries and territories.

2)The World Health Organization estimates that in 2015 malaria caused 212 million clinical episodes, and 429,000 deaths.
https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/facts.html

Who's infected : 

 An infected person may start feeling symptoms anywhere from a week to a month after they are bitten. With some rarer forms of Malaria, the parasite remains dormant and an infected person will not become ill for up to 4 years.

4.Pregnant women are extremely vulnerable to malaria. If the disease is contracted during pregnancy, it can be passed to the infant or result in low birth weight, which decreases the baby’s chance of survival.

5) Without access to medication, the impact of the infection can include: coma, brain damage, loss of muscle function and death.

6)Malaria breeds mostly in warmer climates, where there is an abundance of humidity and rain.


]]> 2017-11-22 07:28:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345292 Influenza https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345431 The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year. 

How it spreads:
flu viruses spread mainly by tiny droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. 

Signs and Symptoms:
- Fever or feeling feverish/chills
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle or body aches
- Headaches
- Fatigue (very tired)
- Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in young children than in adults.

Period of Contagiousness:
Although people with the flu are most contagious in the first 3-4 days after their illness begins,  some otherwise healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. 

Preventing Seasonal Flu:
The first and most important step in preventing flu is to get a flu vaccination each year. CDC also recommends everyday preventive actions to help slow the spread of germs that cause respiratory (nose, throat, and lungs) illnesses, like flu.


Treating Flu:
There are influenza antiviral drugs that can be used to treat flu illness.


]]> 2017-11-22 07:29:37 UTC https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345431 Cholera facts: https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345537 causes:
  • vibrio Cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is usually found in food and water contaminated by feces from a person with the infection.
  • common sources: Municipality water supplies, raw or undercooked seafood and ice made from municipal water.
Symptoms:
  • It can cause sever acute watery diarrhoea.
  • 12hrs and 5 days to show symptoms after ingesting contaminated food or water.
  • v. cholera can shred back into the environment, potentially infecting other people.
- rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps and thirst.
Diagnoses:
- It can be made by examining a fresh stool sample under the microscope for the presence of V. cholerae bacteria.
- It can also be diagnosed by culturing a stool sample in the laboratory to isolate the cholera-causing bacteria.
- a blood test may reveal the presence of antibodies against the cholera bacteria.
- patients are usually treated for diarrhea and vomiting symptoms as if they had cholera without laboratory confirmation.
Treatment: 
- Preventing dehydration by replacing the fluids and electrolytes lost through diarrhea and vomiting.


]]> 2017-11-22 07:30:14 UTC https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209345537 Ebola https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209346246 It was discovered in 1976 in south Sudan and the Congo. 
 
It is transferred to humans from animals, and it is transmitted from human to human.

A virus is causing Ebola. 
 
Average rate of 50% of patient’s dies after having the disease. 
 
Symptoms of Ebola: fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, lack of appetite.

 Other symptoms of Ebola include: rash, red eyes, hiccups, cough, sore throat, chest pain, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, external and internal bleeding.

Spread of Ebola can happen through close contact when caring for ill persons. 

Ebola virus is treated by balancing the patient’s fluids and electrolytes; maintaining their oxygen status and blood pressure; and treating them for complicating infections.
]]> 2017-11-22 07:33:50 UTC https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209346246 Cholera e.g in Bangladesh https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209347191 UN have lunched its biggest vaccination campaign in Bangladesh to prevent the effects of cholera in the refugees. Cholera spread acrosss the refugees by the dirty water which can kill million of people. The reason of having the dirty water is due in lacking of important services like toilets and water sanitation. The most affected people are the Rohingya which faced persecution in Myanmar. This example shows that poverty, politics, and healthcare can be factors in increasing vulnerability in getting diseases like cholera. 

]]> 2017-11-22 07:37:48 UTC https://padlet.com/hjstaahl/xv8pnacpd0jp/wish/209347191