https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1 Reorder this-- be prepared to share why you made the choices en-us 2022-03-22 20:25:17 UTC 2025-10-25 07:12:18 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f929.png gretarhuberg2019 https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108350091 Gender, as seen through the two propositions in Joan Scott’s definition, is a term that takes into account and affects nearly every factor of life. From patriarchy to fraternity and maternalism, gender serves as a defining feature in how humans interact with the world around them. Gender defines social roles, and it defines how those social roles stack against others. Without these concepts, the modern understanding of femininity and masculinity would be lost, and society would likely be forced to work under entirely new systems, something that would be unrecognizable to the people of today.]]> 2022-03-22 20:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108350091 gretarhuberg2019 https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108350619 Moving backward again, fraternity as a concept, took off in the midst of the French Revolution. Its rise to prominence is an exemplary showing of the two concepts discussed in the prompt. Timm and Sanborn differentiate fraternity from patriarchy by the introduction of young men in power, gaining status by way of merit rather than solely lineage and age, saying that power should rest among brothers, not fathers (Timm and Sanborn, 49). Napoleon uses this idea to his advantage, though he, himself, still noted himself as the father of France. By continuing the practice of conscription, or pulling young men into military service, he successfully masculinized the conversation around the military, and at the same time, made it a young man’s game. Napoleon spoke on this phenomenon of turning mandatory service into an honor rather than a chore in On Conscription, “only mothers still complained about it … a girl would not have wanted a boy who had not acquitted his debt to the fatherland” (Bonaparte, 130). In this, he turns the conversation of conscription from one of unwillingness to one of it being a point of pride to share with their brothers in arms. Even as the wars came to a halt, and continuing even to the modern-day, fraternities in universities allow for a place for gender to be performed in times of peace.]]> 2022-03-22 20:29:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108350619 gretarhuberg2019 https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108351091 European history, when it leaves the continent, mingles with other cultures. As colonialism is intrinsically tied to this time frame, it seemed only rational to include examples among European cultures and how they interact with those in other groups. If men are the conquerors of the world, then women are meant to steady the home and rule over her domain. Flora Annie Steel’s works detail this concept, establishing a hierarchy in the Indian realm of English housekeeping. As maternalistic activists would likely agree, Steel seems to believe that a woman’s ability to parent her children is a great strength, and she uses this gendered social standard to carry over into her work as a mistress. The comment that “until it is implanted by training, there is very little sense of duty in a child” is quickly followed up by a reminder that “the Indian servant is a child in everything save age,” (Steel, 325) pulling on gendered ideas of homemaking to make this argument. I find it interesting, and telling, that Steel’s grab for power happens within the domestic sphere. The place where women are handed power seems to be only when there is a person of a lower social class directly under the woman, and more often than not, they take advantage of that chance to enjoy the privileges of a moment that is freer of male influence.

]]> 2022-03-22 20:29:50 UTC https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108351091 gretarhuberg2019 https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108351478 While patriarchy is part of a larger discussion that has continued throughout time, the form of patriarchy present during and before the 1750s is indicative of larger issues in society regarding power. When discussing patriarchy in this context, the topic will be as it relates to the idea specifically that power and status grow with age. The more modern usage of the world hinges on the uplifting of men as a collective group, though in order to distinguish paternity from fraternity, as will be spoken on later, I am setting out my definition now. Paternity exists as a way to control society by setting in place a rigid power structure where not only is movement discouraged, but entirely barred by those at the top. Taking pre-Napoleonic France as an example, patriarchy left all but a select few nearly powerless. The leader of the country, viewed as a father, holds absolute authority over the masses, and at home, the father will hold the same power over his wife and children. A paternalistic mindset allowed for women to be seen as lesser than their partners, as shown later on in Women and German Colonialism in Southern Africa. The ideal situation as set out by Governor Leutwein is where the woman “lives and strives for her husband and her children according to what until now has been a good custom,” (Leutwein, 334) as of the German colonization of Africa, over a century later. Without regard for the women who are meant to immigrate to Africa, their wifely duties and motherly skills are put at the forefront above their own need for a citizen’s rights, which enforces their gender as a marker of their social status and place in the social hierarchy.]]> 2022-03-22 20:30:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108351478 gretarhuberg2019 https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108351799 In order for one group to be on top of the hierarchy of any ranking, there must also be someone on the bottom. As long as civilizations have existed, that basic principle has driven the practice of one class of people pushing others down, as well as the constant struggle for equality, if not dominance, from those groups pushed down. This is no different when it comes to gender inequality throughout modern European history, which makes itself known in all aspects of life. Gender serves both as a way to distinguish between social relationships as well as ones of power through an overarching sense of patriarchy, the realm of fraternity in the eighteenth century, maternalism, and colonialism.]]> 2022-03-22 20:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108351799 gretarhuberg2019 https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108352156 On the home front, alongside returned veterans, live mothers and wives who are without the social freedoms awarded to men either through birthright or through growing into manhood. Maternalistic thinking seems to spring from the ashes of arguments that women are unfit for power based on the same principle that they are superior at mothering. A specific example of this maternalistic thinking comes from Sophia Jex-Blake, who believed that women should be able to practice medicine just as well, if not better than potential male counterparts. In using the example of mothering as an act of medical care through the maternal instinct to run after a hurt child who’s fallen down, she argues the importance of domestic skills in professional environments (Jex-Blake, 348). Of course, we know now that one’s assigned sex has little to do with the intrinsic ability to care for a child or practice medicine, but the idea served at the time as a search into the social gender biases of what each gender was capable of, as well as challenges the idea that men were inherently deserving of the access to that more lucrative, powerful profession.

]]> 2022-03-22 20:30:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gretarhuberg2019/scrambler1/wish/2108352156