PERIODIC TABLE GR9 by Lizelle Swanepoel https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg en-us 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC 2026-02-22 13:34:16 UTC hello@padlet.com BISHOPS NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575712 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575712 HISTORY OF THE ATOM lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575713 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575713 DEMOCRITUS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575715 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575715 JOHN DALTON lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575716 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575716 JJ THOMSON lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575717 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575717 THOMSON, RUTHERFORD & CHADWICK lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575718 Discoverers of the electron, proton and neutron:]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575718 NIELS BOHR lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575719 BOHR DIAGRAMS
Bohr stated that an atom consists of a small positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud in which electrons are accommodated in shells.

* NB At Grade 9 level, the third shell is regarded as being provisionally full when it has 8 electrons.

A Bohr diagram is drawn as follows:
1. The nucleus is represented by a small circle in which the numbers of protons and neutrons are written.
2. The shells of the electron cloud are represented by concentric circles.
3. Electrons are represented by dots drawn on the circles representing shells.
]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575719 ERWIN SCHRODINGER lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575720 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575720 WERNER HEISENBERG lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575721 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575721 TIMELINE SUMMARY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575722 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575722 PROPERTIES OF THE SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575723 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575723 ISOTOPES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575726 Isotopes = atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but differing numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575726 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575727 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575727 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575728 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575728 Do a calculation using isotopes to determine the relative atomic mass of an element lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575729 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575729 THE PERIODIC TABLE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575732 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575732 PERIODIC TABLE - NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575740 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575740 THE PERIODIC TABLE: s,p,d,f-BLOCKS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575743 A block of the periodic table is a set of chemical elements having their differentiating electrons predominately in the same type of atomic orbital. ... Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block; p-block; d-block; and f-block]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575743 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575744 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575744 REACTIVITY OF ALKALI METALS (GROUP1) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575746 REACTION WITH WATER:
You need to know the reactions i water and reactivity of:
  • Li
  • Na
  • K

Make sure to study the observations, results and reactions.
GROUP 1:
Examples - lithium, sodium and potassium.
Physical properties - All three:
1. are metals
2. are less dense than water and therefore float
3. are silvery and shiny when freshly cut
4. have low melting and boiling points

Chemical properties:
Alkali metals undergo similar chemical reactions because they have the same number of valence electrons. 
]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575746 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND BONDING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575747 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575747 TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575749
  • COVALENT BOND
    • A bond that is formed by the overlapping of shells and the sharing of electrons (usually between non-metals).
  • IONIC BOND
    • A bond that is formed by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions in a crystal lattice (usually between metal and non-metal). 
  • METALLIC BONDING
    • A bond that is formed between positive cations and delocalised electrons in metal crystal structures

    • ]]>     2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575749     METALLIC BONDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575750 Metals are made up of a "sea" of delocalised electrons surrounding positive kernels (cations).]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575750 BONDING NOTES 2021 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575752 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575752 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575753 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575753 MECHANISM FOR IONIC BONDING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575755 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575755 MECHANISM FOR COVALENT BONDING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575756 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575756 METALLIC BONDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575758 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575758 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575759 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575759 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575761 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575761 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575762 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575762 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575764 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575764 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575766

    ]]>     2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575766     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575768 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575768 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575770 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575770 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575772 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575772 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575774 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575774 CHEMICAL BONDING DEFINITIONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575776
    • Intramolecular Bond: 
    is a bond which occurs between atoms within molecules.
    • Covalent bond: 
    is a bond which occurs due to sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two nonmetal atoms.
    • Non-polar covalent (pure covalent): 
    is an equal sharing of electrons.
    • Polar covalent: 
    is an unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming (as a result of electronegativity difference)
    • Ionic bond: 
    is a bond which occurs due to a transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction.
    • Metallic bonding: 
    is a bond between positive kernels and a sea of delocalised electrons.
    ]]>     2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575776     STRUCTURE OF IONIC COMPOUNDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575780 FORMATION OF SALTS]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575780 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575782 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575782 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575783 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575783 BONDING - PHYSICS SONG lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575784 ACAPELLA SCIENCE]]> 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575784 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575785 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575785 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575786 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575786 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575787 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575787 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575788 2021-08-10 20:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/1674575788 REACTIVITY OF THE HALOGENS (GROUP7) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2035228030 2022-02-08 11:20:49 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2035228030 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2035229621 2022-02-08 11:21:49 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2035229621 REACTION OF METAL WITH OXYGEN lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2081496298 2022-03-07 12:08:18 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2081496298 REACTIONS - NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2081498466 2022-03-07 12:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2081498466 BOHR DIAGRAMS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2447530901
    Bohr stated that an atom consists of a small positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud in which electrons are accommodated in shells.

    * NB At Grade 9 level, the third shell is regarded as being provisionally full when it has 8 electrons.
    A Bohr diagram is drawn as follows:
    1. The nucleus is represented by a small circle in which the numbers of protons and neutrons are written.
    2. The shells of the electron cloud are represented by concentric circles.
    3. Electrons are represented by dots drawn on the circles representing shells.
    ]]>     2023-01-17 21:37:36 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2447530901     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2478678334 2023-02-13 10:02:09 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2478678334 NOBLE GASES ARE UNREACTIVE - WHY? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2483066226 2023-02-15 07:06:23 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2483066226 THE ELEMENTS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2489597423 2023-02-21 11:39:32 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2489597423 When elements combine lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2489601591 2023-02-21 11:43:41 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2489601591 BALANCING EQUATIONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2497850901 2023-02-28 12:15:42 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2497850901 Transition metal's reaction with water - comparison lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2883153194 2024-02-14 07:51:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/2883153194 THE ATOM lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3302052881 2025-01-23 15:26:31 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3302052881 Mass nr vs atomic nr & isotopes lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3302056032 2025-01-23 15:28:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3302056032 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3325536798 2025-02-12 09:45:32 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3325536798 BONDING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3407692376
  • COVALENT BONDING
  • IONIC BONDING
  • METALLIC BONDING

    • ]]>     2025-04-13 13:49:03 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3407692376     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3407695144 2025-04-13 13:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3407695144 Elements lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3779852790 2026-02-06 08:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/xrhpd3t6k3l9nryg/wish/3779852790