History: In the early 20th century, Ireland sought independence from the United Kingdom. A treaty in 1921 led to the creation of the Irish Free State, which is now known as the Republic of Ireland, and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom.

Religion: There's a religious divide between both parts of Ireland. Most of Northern Ireland is mainly Protestant while the Republic of Ireland is mainly consist of Catholic. This has often caused tension as the Protestant community often identifies as British and wants to maintain Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom. On the other hand, the Catholic community in Northern Ireland often identifies more closely with the Republic of Ireland and desires reunification.

National Identity: While most people in the rest of Ireland wanted independence, most people in Northern Ireland identified as British and wished to remain a part of the United Kingdom.

2. Pitch

   While speaking, pitch can be higher or lower depending on the context. It can change based on the speaker’s feelings or intentions.

   
   

   For instance, at the end of the sentence "Right, so is it a bit weird that two men we’ve never seen before just sort of took away a load of really expensive equipment in the middle of the night?" which was spoken by Clare, her pitch is higher compared to the beginning of the sentence. This shows her intention to ask question instead of stating information.

• Video of the accent

• Transcription

• Demographics of Northern Ireland

Cockney English

• Video of the accent

• Transcription

• Demographics of East End London

Age: 20

Group: LG2432D

Student ID: 2023699392

Chosen English: Northern Irish English

Age: 20

Group: LG2432D

Student ID: 2023299262

Chosen English: Cockney English

2. Glottal stops at /t/

   Cockney speakers often replace the /t/ sound with glottal stops in specific word positions, particularly when the /t/ is between vowels or before syllabic consonants such as /ə/.

   
   

   As in scene 2, Alfie pronounced the word "battered" as /bæ?əd/.

   
   

   The /t/ sound in the middle is replaced with a glottal stop. Instead of fully pronouncing the /t/ sound by touching the tongue to the roof of the mouth, Cockney speakers produce a glottal stop by briefly closing their vocal cords.

3. H-dropping

   The absence of the “h” sound, known as “h-dropping”, is common in popular London dialects, including Cockney, as well as in other parts of England and Wales (López, 2007). H-dropping is a linguistic phenomenon where speakers drop the "h" sound, particularly at the beginning of words.

   
   

   For instance, Alfie pronounced the word "how" (/haʊ/) as /aʊ/.

1. Rhythm
   Cockney English speakers often simplify words by combining pronunciations into a single syllable.

   
   

   For example, we could see in scene 4, Alfie used the word "ain't" (/eint/) in his sentence, which is a combination of "am not" and "is not".

   
   

   This reduction contributes to the rhythm and flow of speech, especially in casual or informal conversation when Cockney speakers are speaking. By embracing reduction and simplification, Cockney speakers can maintain their speech fluid and dynamic, even in casual or rapid.

For example, instead of saying "mate", someone might say "china plate".

"Mate" is a friendly way to address someone you know, as it similar to saying "buddy" or "friend" to your friend. When Cockney speakers call someone "china plate", that means they see you as a friend, as it is not specifically referring to Chinese people. But nowadays, most Cockney speakers just say "mate" instead of using rhyming slang because it is not as popular as it used to be.

The East End of London has undergone significant change as a result of the immigration of people from various countries. Back then, it used to be primarily populated by working-class and immigrant families. Now, it is a mix of different cultures, as there are many British Bangladeshis, Afro-Caribbeans, Eastern Europeans, and other ethnicities living there.