• Direct Democracy: Citizens vote on laws directly (e.g., Ancient Athens).

• Representative Democracy: Elected officials make laws (e.g., U.S., Philippines).

  
  

Pros: Encourages participation, protects individual rights.

Cons: Can be slow, susceptible to populism.

• Absolute Monarchy: Power inherited, ruler governs for life (e.g., Saudi Arabia).

• Dictatorship: One person holds unchecked power (e.g., North Korea).

Pros: Fast decision-making, stability.

Cons: No accountability, risk of abuse of power.

• Plutocracy: Rule by the wealthy (e.g., corporate influence).

• Military Junta: Rule by the armed forces (e.g., Myanmar).

Pros: Experienced leaders make decisions.

Cons: Excludes most of the population from power.

• Defines government structure and rights of citizens.

• Sets limits on government power.

Example: The U.S. Constitution outlines democracy, separation of powers, and individual rights (Bill of Rights).

• Address issues like criminal justice, taxation, civil rights, etc.

Examples:

1. Anti-corruption laws.

2. Environmental protection acts.

3. Labor laws.

• Enforced through treaties, agreements, and international courts.

Examples:

1. The Geneva Conventions (war laws).

2. The Paris Agreement (climate laws).