The working class left their villages to become factory workers.

The Victorian age was a time of great social movement. The children of the first generation of factory owners often preferred commerce and banking to industry. Some went into the professions and received knighthoods or became lords and joined the ranks of the upper classes.

Those of the middle class who could afford it sent their sons to "public" schools aimed to give boys a good education and train them in leadership by making their living conditions hard.

(Kossaruk)

Britain supported Turkey against Russian expansion. But felt worried about the growing competition from France and Germany.

(Kossaruk)

1. Industrialization: The era was characterized by rapid industrialization, which transformed Britain into the world's leading industrial power. Factories and mills sprung up across the country, particularly in cities like Manchester and Birmingham. Industries such as textiles, coal mining, iron, and steel production experienced significant growth.

2. Technological Advancements: It witnessed numerous technological advancements that fueled economic growth. Innovations such as the steam engine, mechanized production processes, and new transportation networks (such as railways and steamships) revolutionized industry and commerce, making goods cheaper and more accessible.

3. Urbanization: Industrialization led to the rapid growth of cities and urban areas, as people migrated from rural areas to seek employment in factories and mills. This urbanization brought both opportunities and challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social unrest.

   (Daira Swanke)

(Renata Escalante)

• The birth order: important because of titles and states. Family fortune would go to the first born.

• Legitimacy: Important for inheritance or family honor. For example if you were born into a family with non married parents, you were considered morally and legally wrong. 

• Parentage/Family heritage. Good parenting included: The father having a job and providing for the family, and being able to give great inheritance to children. Important for the upper and middle class for the purpose of inheriting titles and states. 

• Social Class: The importance was for everyone to have a place to stand. They were classified as the working class, middle class and upper class.

• The working class: had very little chance of education and did not participate in social events or any source of entertainment

• Middle class: Only the men provided an income and were able to be educated.

• Upper class: Usually inherited, they had plenty of money and were well educated. 

Usually the middle and upper classes would hold events and gatherings and the working class would not be welcome to go because of their status. 

• Wealth: To have money meant to have power over other people. Middle class families were considered wealthy and typically had fathers who held professional positions (doctors, lawyers, bankers, factory owners, merchants, and shopkeepers). The upper class, or aristocracy, was composed of nobility and clergy and comprised only two percent of the population.

• Gender:

  Females: were to stay at home and help with the children and cleaning. Always quiet. Seen as accessories to their husbands.

  Males: the protectors, hardworking, the providers of their families.

• Christening: Children were baptized at 4-6 weeks old. God parents were used in the upper class to sponsor a child. Babies would wear white clothing to represent purity and innocence.

Drachenberg, Ayelen

Agustina Bigalke

• Individualism: the belief in the importance of the individual and their rights, aspirations, and autonomy. This belief contributed to the rise of movements advocating for personal freedom like the fight for workers' rights.

  
  

• Responsability: Individuals were expected to take responsibility for their actions, their families, and their communities. This included fulfilling one's duties as a citizen, as a member of the family, and as a participant in the workforce. It was essential for maintaining social order and moral integrity.

  
  

• The idea of self-made man: someone who achieved success and social advancement through their own hard work, determination, and merit, rather than through inherited wealth or social status.

  
  

• Punishment: Punishment was seen as a necessary means of enforcing the law and disciplining individuals who violated social norms or committed crimes. It was also the way in which children were disciplined within their families.

  
  

• Humility: was considered a virtuous trait in Victorian culture, reflecting a modest and unpretentious attitude towards oneself and others. Humble individuals were admired for their lack of arrogance or pride and their willingness to acknowledge their limitations and mistakes.

(Wittig)

Mauritius (in the Indian Ocean), the Ioni an Islands (in the eastern Mediterranean), Sierra Leone (west Africa), etc.

But for 1815 their aim was to control world traffic and world markets to Britain's

advantage, the empire was a source of profit, and emigrants sent money home to Britain as did goods such as jute, calico cotton cloth, and tea.

Dramatic expansion of the empire meant that such goods came to Britain from all over the world. Between 1820 and 1870 the empire grew, shifted its orientation eastward, and increased the number of nonwhite people over whom it exerted control. Much of this expansion involved violence, including the Indian Mutiny (1857–59), the Morant Bay Rebellion (1865) in Jamaica, the Opium Wars (1839–42, 1856–60) in China, and the Taranaki War (1860–61) in New Zealand. India became central to imperial status and wealth. There was significant migration to the settler colonies of Australia and New Zealand and later to Canada and South Africa.

Agustina Bigalke

Mainly in the nineteenth century, the growth of the middle class was better than ever with differences in wealth, social positions and kinds of works. Mostly with certain professions such as medicine, law, banking, merchant, diplomatic and civil service, among others.

Appears the idea, mainly with the appearance of industrialists, of self-made and hard work as a style of life. People should work harder than the person next to them to be very successful and rise-up the social ladder.

People from middle classes also had to escape the cities towards the suburbs because of the overcrowded and unhealthy conditions of towns.

Leandro Esquivel

The radicals and workers were helped by the introduction of a "Cheap postage system" in 1840 and together with the unions they put forward a People´s Charter, that demanded rights: the vote for all adults, the right for a man without property of his own to be an MP, voting in secret, payment for MPs, and an election every year. However, all these demands were refused by the House of Commons, and the "Chartists" were not unified for long, as they were divided into two groups; the ones who were ready to use violence and those who believed in changes by lawful means only.

The government´s actions showed how much it feared that the poor might take power and establish a republic.

Ujeika Candela

Sofía Jerke

Sofia Jerke

Sofía Jerke

Agustina Bigalke

Esquivel y Benitez

Working classes suffered greatly because of:

-Poor living conditions.

-Exploitation.

-Child labor.

-High morality rate.

Kossaruk Camila

1. Control of the Suez Canal: Britain occupied Egypt in 1882 mainly to control the Suez Canal, which was a crucial sea route for trade and access to the British Empire in India.

2. Balance of Power: Britain focus to keep a balance of power in Europe and protect its trade routes, leading to a foreign policy of controlling global traffic and markets in its favor.

3. Commercial Interests: British policy wasn't just about building trading stations but also about controlling worldwide traffic to benefit Britain.

4. Russian Expansion: Britain supported Turkey against Russian expansion to prevent Russia from taking parts of the Balkans and reaching the Mediterranean.

5. Colonization: Although Britain didn't want to colonize all areas, it defended its interests by taking more land, especially in strategic trade locations and near its possessions.

These points show how the relationship with Egypt was central to Britain's strategy in the Middle East, influencing political and military decisions that had enduring effects in the region.

Benitez Lucas

Stupnicki Valeria

These changes in social, political, and economic conditions during the Victorian Age laid the foundation for modern Britain and had a lasting impact on subsequent historical developments.

(Alvez, Fabiana)

In Victorian society, gender and class were the primary organizing principles. The ideology was based in the notion of separate spheres, dictated that men and women were inherently different and suited for distinct roles. Because, men were viewed as physically strong and oriented towards the public sphere, while women were considered weak and confined to the private sphere. This ideology upheld a sexual double standard, where men were associated with centrality of sex and women with centrality of reproduction. This ideology was influential across all classes.

Alanna Olivera