https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn en-us 2022-12-12 03:18:35 UTC 2022-12-12 07:07:19 UTC hello@padlet.com kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417244403
Heroin is an opioid drug discovered from acetylation of morphine. Heroin, in pharmacological studies is proven to be more effective than both morphine and codeine. In the 1910s, morphine addicts "discovered" the euphuizing properties and the effect was enhanced by intravenous administration. Heroin became a narcotic drug and its abuse spread rather quickly. It is a natural substance taken from seeds of various opium poppy plants. The drug is injected, sniffed, snorted, or smoked. Heroin begins its journey by entering the brain rapidly and binding to opioid receptors on cells located in many areas - especially those involved in feelings of pain and pleasure. This controls the heart rate, sleeping, and breathing. 

]]> 2022-12-12 03:23:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417244403 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417246397 Heroin has many characteristics that affect how it is used and even how it is distributed. Color, water solubility, physical state, Ph balance, purity, weight, volume, and heat stability are all characteristics of the drug. The color palette is summed in the title of: brown, black, and white. Black and white heroin's stereotypically come from Mexico and Southeast Asia. Physically, most of the worlds heroin is powdered formed - the only exception being the solid form of heroin coming from Mexico labeled as "black tar" heroin. 

]]> 2022-12-12 03:26:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417246397 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417247467 - Dope 
- Smack 
- H
- Junk
- Skag
- Snow
- Horse 
- China White 
- Brown 
- Beast 
- Hero ]]> 2022-12-12 03:27:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417247467 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417247839 The intensity of the rush is a function of how much of the drug is taken and how rapidly the drug enters the brain, then binding to the receptors. The rush is accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and a heavy feeling in the extremities. Nausea, vomiting, and severe itching are also common side affects. After the initial effects, the user will become drowsy for several hours and mental function is clouded. Heart functioning then slows and breathing is severely slowed which can be severely life threatening. 

]]> 2022-12-12 03:28:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417247839 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417248047 Slowed breathing can not only lead to a coma but permanent brain damage. Long term effects may consist of collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, and lung complications. Heroin is known for leading to a very strong addiction. Form of substance use disorder consists of withdraw. Withdraw symptoms include severe muscle and bone pain, sleep problems, diarrhea, vomiting and severe cravings. Over time, chronic users gain health problems. Liver disease, pulmonary infections, collapsed veins, chronic constipation, depression, kidney disease, heart infections, skin infections, hepatitis, HIV, miscarriage, diminished sex drive, infertility (in women), lack of stress control skills, and deterioration of white matter in the brain are all possible and very common results. As a person continues to use heroin, physical dependance kicks in. Whether the drug itself is lawful or illicit, physical dependance is the bodies response to the drugs ongoing presence. 

]]> 2022-12-12 03:28:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417248047 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417248394 The South Texas border area extends from Val Verde county in the western portion of South Texas HIDTA region to Willacy and Cameron counties along the Gulf of Mexico. Abundant supplies of illicit drugs produced in Mexico dominate drug markets throughout the South Texas border area. Wholesale distribution networks controlled by Mexican Ptos are the primary distribution threat to the region. Once these shipments have been smuggled into the United States, drug traffickers often store them temporarily in stash houses, in communities along the South Texas border. From these locations, cells arrange for the transportation and distribution to other centers in Texas, Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio, or directly to other United States drug markets.]]> 2022-12-12 03:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417248394 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417248738 Syringe services programs (SSPs) are proven and effective community-based prevention programs that can provide a range of services. This includes access to and disposal of sterile syringes and injection equipment, vaccination, testing, and linkage to infectious disease care and substance use treatment. Programs have been extremely effective in reducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In recent years, the United States government also has ramped up efforts to cut both foreign domestic supplies. Limiting number of prescriptions as well as providing counter narcotics assistance overbroad has been great in assisting the ongoing issue. Federal and state officials have attempted to reduce demand by focusing less on punishing users and treating them instead. ]]> 2022-12-12 03:29:33 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417248738 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417252324 This column gives you insight on the drug Diamorphine (diacetylmorphine; CAS-561-27-3), better known as Heroin. This will allow you to better understand not only the drug, where it came from, but the forms it shares and are consumed in various different ways by our fellow American neighbors. ]]> 2022-12-12 03:35:12 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417252324 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417253723 When Heroin is injected, it's either administered into a vein or muscle and sometimes under the skin. Injecting Heroin directly into a vein if called mainlining. Under the skin, injection is called skin-popping. The reason people prefer this method of using the drug is because the high of the drug is stronger and occurs much more rapidly. "With intramuscular heroin injection, peak effects usually occur within five to eight minute after taking the drug and with intravenous heroin use, it occurs within a few seconds" (Kopf, 2022). ]]> 2022-12-12 03:37:18 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417253723 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417265002 Besides injection, the two most other popular forms of consumption is snorting or smoking it. When someone snorts heroin, the powder is directly inhaled. Heroin smoke or vapors can also be inhaled. The inhalant user heats the heroin and then inhales the smoke and the fumes it creates. ]]> 2022-12-12 03:57:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417265002 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417266389 "Heroin is listed in Schedule I of the United Nations 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. Diamorphine is also included in a generic sense since the 1972 Protocol, which revised the 1961 Convention, extended control to esters and ethers of scheduled substances" (EMCDDA)]]> 2022-12-12 03:59:37 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417266389 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417270003 Heroin use has increased across the United States among men and women, most age groups, and all income levels. Some of the greatest increases occurred in demographic groups with historically low rates of heroin use: women's, privately insured, and people with higher incomes. The biggest concern and question is: Why has heroin become so easily accessible? And where is the drug coming from? ]]> 2022-12-12 04:06:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417270003 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417270052 Lets dive into discovering what this highly addictive drug is, where it is coming from, and why it is so easily transported across the United States and at the tip of our citizens fingertips for use.  ]]> 2022-12-12 04:06:18 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417270052 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417272873 - Crime
- Violence
- Disruptions in family
- Disruptions in workplace 
- Disruption's in educational environment 
- HIV/AIDS
- Hepatitis
- Fetal Effects  ]]> 2022-12-12 04:10:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417272873 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417274756 2022-12-12 04:14:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417274756 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417276035 2022-12-12 04:16:31 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417276035 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417278833 "The Economic cost of drug abuse in the United States was estimated at $193 billion in 2007, the last available estimate" (Office of National Drug Control Policy). 

This value includes: 

- $120 billion in lost productivity (mainly due to labor participation costs)
- $11 billion in healthcare costs for drug treatment and drug related medical consequences
- $61 billion in criminal justice costs, primarily due to criminal investigation, prosecution, and incarceration ]]> 2022-12-12 04:21:37 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417278833 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417281715 - Scarred or collapsed veins 
- Bacterial infections of the blood vessels and heart 
- Abscesses (boils) 
- Immune Reactions 
- Arthritis or other rheumatologic problems

]]> 2022-12-12 04:26:21 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417281715 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417284650 Most foreign-produced forms of heroin available in the United States are smuggled into the country overland across borders with Mexico, (and to a much lesser extent), Canada. Overland smuggling methods are relatively consistent.]]> 2022-12-12 04:30:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417284650 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417286859 Mexican DTOs dominate the transportation of heroin across the southwest border. They typically use commercial trucks and private and rental vehicles to smuggle the drug through the 25 land POEs as well as vast areas of deserts. Asian traffickers focus on transportation into the United States across the U.S. Canada border. They use commercial trucks and private and rental vehicles to transport through more than 100 lands of POEs. They also use all-terrain vehicles (ATV's), aircraft, and couriers on foot. ]]> 2022-12-12 04:34:52 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417286859 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417288980 "Conversely, heroin seizures along the Southwest Border have been increasing, most likely as a result of the growing Mexican influence in heroin production and transportation. This increase in Southwest Border heroin seizures coincides with a decrease in heroin seizures from commercial airlines. In 2008, the total amount of heroin seized along the Southwest Border (556.1 kg) exceeded the total amount of heroin seized from commercial airlines (398.1 kg) for the first time" (National Seizure System, 2009). This shift seen to be due from production trends and the changing roles of DTOs. ]]> 2022-12-12 04:38:46 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417288980 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417291270 Most of the heroin available in the first region is first smuggled or transported into New York City by couriers or commercial aircraft. The drug is also transported by private vehicles, commercial maritime vessels, and via package. From New York, heroin is transported via public vehicles such as busses, trains, taxicabs, and rideshares. Package delivery system is also a big form of transportation throughout the Northeast. ]]> 2022-12-12 04:42:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417291270 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417294742 Columbian drug traffickers control the transportation of South American heroin into New York City and ultimately the northeastern United States. They increasingly rely on Dominican DTOs and occasionally Mexican criminal groups to transport South American Heroin into the city. It is smuggled via couriers aboard commercial aircraft from Colombia or overland and occasionally via maritime vessels. Some couriers smuggle into the Miami International Airport and other locations then take flights into New York City. Package delivery services is also very common. ]]> 2022-12-12 04:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417294742 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417296803 U.S. and Canada based Chinese criminal groups control maritime shipments of Southeast Asian heroin to the United States and Canada. Shipments are usually smuggled via containerized cargo and are destined for major ports of entry on the West Coast of North America including Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver. ]]> 2022-12-12 04:51:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417296803 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417298441 Southwest Asian, Middle Eastern, and Central Asian criminal groups, particularly those of Afghan, Pakistani, Indian, Lebanese, and Turkish descent, transport most of the Southwest Asian heroin smuggled into the country, including New York and other areas in the Northeast. They primarily use couriers on commercial aircraft as well as package delivery services. ]]> 2022-12-12 04:54:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417298441 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417334735 This column focuses on the short and long term effects that heroin consumption has on the mind, body, and brain. The column also focuses on Medical consequences of a particular kind of consumption, injection as well as effects on the community and economic costs. ]]> 2022-12-12 05:51:45 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417334735 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417338140 This column shares diagrams of world wide trafficking routes and United States Trafficking routes. The column presents the United States control status, overland smuggling, common smuggling methods and market areas. New York is introduced to us a major port for heroin to enter the United States and we learn how it flows throughout the country after its initial entrance. South American heroin, Southeast Asian heroin, and Southwest Asian heroin trafficking are introduced as well as the ways of their individual smuggling and transportation methods. ]]> 2022-12-12 05:57:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417338140 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417340216 Here we learn what the United States is doing in means of this epidemic. How are we controlling the issue in the United States? How are we treating our users? How are we stopping it from entering and spreading around our country? ]]> 2022-12-12 05:59:55 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417340216 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417352349 President Joe Biden sent his Administrations inaugural National Drug Control Strategy, as drug overdoses have reached a record high. It proposes targeted actions to expand access to prevention, harm reduction, treatment, and recovery services, all while reducing the supply of drugs. 
The strategy goes after two big drivers of the opioid epidemic. It focuses on both untreated addiction and drug trafficking. President Biden announced they are disrupting drug traffickers, financial networks, supply chains, and delivery routes, including the internet. 

]]> 2022-12-12 06:19:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417352349 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417358981 - In known drug smuggling areas, hire additional security watchmen and arranging underwater hull inspections before departure and at arrival 
- Ships should take into account severity of threats at specific ports 
- Comprehensive port updates should be obtained from local agents prior to ship arrivals 
- Thorough search of all compartments shall be carried out before ship departures 
- Drug trafficking can be prevented by educating citizens on the dangers of trafficking drugs 
- The government should ensure effective security at borders
- The agencies and police in charge of eradicating drug abuse should be well funded to alive to responsibilities / comprehensive police training
- Global operations against drug trafficking's and assistance in ongoing
 investigations ]]> 2022-12-12 06:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417358981 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417362714 2022-12-12 06:35:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417362714 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417367147 This column focuses on heroin, a natural substance taken from seeds of opium poppy plants. We focus on how the drug is consumed, how it rapidly binds to the brain and the pleasure consumers feel as it overwhelmingly takes over their bodies. We are introduced to the black, brown, and white characteristics as well as street names and administration. ]]> 2022-12-12 06:41:15 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417367147 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417376164 Heroin is among the most dangerous and addictive substances to humankind. Heroin has many negative short and long term effects to the body. After the initial high, the comedown sets people into a spiral, causing addiction. The drug not only affects the individual consumers, but those around them, their communities, and the country as a whole. ]]> 2022-12-12 06:54:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417376164 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417378637 In conclusion, heroin is smuggled across multiple borders into the United States. Mexican DTOs dominate the Southwest border, South American traffickers focus on the Northeastern end of the United States, Southeast Asian focus on entrances through major ports on the West coast, and  Southwest Asian focus on Northeast areas such as New York. ]]> 2022-12-12 06:57:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417378637 kb0149 https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417382232 Drug Trafficking poses a multi-dimensional challenge to the hemisphere. Steady traffic can hide illegal activity and the sheer volume of vehicular traffic at ports of entry can make finding drugs extremely challenging. It is important to ensure our police are trained, educated, and funded in regards to trafficking to keep heroin smuggling to a minimum at the highest measures possible. As for our citizens, it is important to try to keep our citizens as healthy, clean, and controlled as we possibly can. As stopping drug trafficking completely is nearly impossible, we do have to take measures to protect our citizens that still manage to get their hands on the drug.]]> 2022-12-12 07:03:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kb0149/xngj68c4pzehrctn/wish/2417382232