Theory that included with some models and explicit method which can help someone to improve their learning skills.

An Instructional design Theory offers guidance on how to help people learn and develop. 

 

2) What are the value of theories in instructional design ?

Instructional Design Theory is design-oriented, rather than description oriented. Being design oriented makes a theory more directly useful to educators, because it provides direct guidance on how to achieve their goals. In all instructional-design theories, the methods of instruction can be broken into more detailed component methods, which provide more guidance to educators.

3)How instructional design evolve throughout the century?
Though the practice of education has been a matter of concern for centuries, formally organized instructional theories were not available until the middle of the 20th century.

 

3. How instructional design evolve throughout the century

Berasaskan teori pembelajaran dan psikologi secara konsisten 
Elemen & Komponen  ID ini membantu dalam perkembangan 

•         Analisa (Analysis)

•         Rekabentuk (Design)

•         Pembangunan (Development)

•         Pelaksanaan (Implementation)

•         Penilaian (Evaluation)

•         Penggunaan (Utilization)

•         Pengurusan (Management)

Its help us to know how the instruction should be like and the process of gathering information for making decisions about instruction. The theories also help us to know the process of creating the instructional plans and the process of preparing for implementation of the instruction. 

Instructional designs evolve throughout the century in:

·         Goal analyses,

·         Instructional strategy development, 

·         Implementation, 

·         Media selection 

·         Student evaluation

 

 

Instructional Design Theory is a theory that use communication technology to develop education and training programs by increase and enhance the possibility of learning, makes the acquisition of knowledge and skill more efficient, effective, and appealing. It also encourages the engagement of learners so that they learn faster and gain deeper levels of understanding

 

2. What are the value of theories in instructional design? 

 

The value of theories in Intructional design is to guide educators in developing a syllabus for a new course that they plan to teach and provide examples of other syllabus that were found to be effective.  The theories in instructional design also can develop new teaching methods or activities for the classes.  

3. How instructional design evolve throughout the century?

 

Instructional Design evolve according to the technology that been achieved throughout the century. For example, the Growth of Instructional television can be witnessed in 1950s to mid-1960s. in 1980s, educators and researchers began to consider how the personal computer could be used in a learning environment or a learning space. In 1990s, the usage of computer has been introduced, The influence of constructivist theory on instructional design became more prominent in the 1990s as a counterpoint to the more traditional cognitive learning theory to offer opportunities to train many people long distances. Desktop simulation gave advent to levels of Interactive Multimedia Instruction (IMI). In  2000s, Online learning became common. Technology advances permitted sophisticated simulations with authentic and realistic learning experiences.Recently in 2010s, Academic degrees focused on integrating technology, internet, and human-computer interaction with education gained momentum with the introduction of Learning Design and Technology (LDT) majors. 

Can be rooted from early greek philosopher. In conclusion,  Instruction design theory can be considered as E.L Thordike’s work which introduced some instructional strategies.  In 1924, Bobbit introduced his work on job analysis, and Tyler followed in 1942 with his work on objectives and criteria on referenced testing (Briggs et al., 1991).During the 1960s, the focus turned to work on systematic application of behavioural psychology to the design of instruction (e.g., Skinner) with particular emphasis on self-paced individual interaction.

From 1965 to the early 1990s, cognitive psychology and constructivist theory is being introduced more in use. The emphasis was on new forms of assessment as well as on instructional systems development, the steps of instruction and the elaboration of the theory of instruction by J.S. Bruner, R.M. Gagné and C.M. Reigeluth. Overall, instructional design didn’t change much throughout as the components of this design which involve analysis, design, develop, implement and evaluation is suitable to be used in any fields of learning for all these times. However, there are some new changes of element that are needed in the new instructional design theory is

-          The growing complexity of task

-          Collaboration in performing tasks

-          Web based learning

-          More usage of performance support system

-          Personal tutor system