Key Factors:

1. Engine Failure: The flight experienced an engine failure shortly after takeoff. The crew mistakenly identified the malfunctioning engine as the left engine, when in fact it was the right engine.

2. Crew Mismanagement: The flight crew followed incorrect procedures based on their misidentification of the engine. They shut down the functioning left engine instead of the failed right engine.

3. Poor Communication: There were issues with communication between the flight crew and air traffic control, which contributed to the confusion during the emergency.

4. Lack of Training: The incident highlighted gaps in training regarding engine failure scenarios and decision-making under pressure.

5. Aircraft Design: Investigations noted that the design of the aircraft's engine indicators contributed to the crew's misdiagnosis of the problem.

The combination of these factors culminated in the tragic crash, resulting in 47 fatalities and numerous injuries. The incident led to significant changes in cockpit resource management training and airline safety protocols.