f )Public communication
So, in conclusion we communicate in a variety of ways and utilize several types of communication . In addition, it is critical to understand the principles of communication in order to become a successful communicator.

Self and Identity
     Self concept :

The extent to which you know yourself 

Perception :
Perception is the process through which you become aware of objects, events, and, in particular, people. It is an active process in which your perceptions are influenced by both the outside world and your inner desires, needs, and wants, loves, and hatreds.
 
So, we can conclude that identity is important to everyone.  Everyone has multiple identities. People understand how to look at themselves through their identities. Self-concept, self-esteem, and self awareness influence and are influenced by the way you communicate. Understanding oneself will help a person perceive others better. When perceiving others, always check for common tendencies to avoid misconceptions

In summary, words have a lot of power, and we use them for a lot of things. Knowing how to communicate verbally is crucial.

 It encompasses more than just gestures and body expression, but also in the way we say things.

The importance of nonverbal communication :

• We express our sentiments and attitudes mostly through nonverbal messages.

• Nonverbal signals are frequently more credible than verbal messages .

• Nonverbal messages combine with verbal messages to produce a powerful combination meaning.

• Nonverbal messages assist people in responding to and adapting to new situations others

• Nonverbal communications have a significant part in interpersonal communication.

Observe immediacy cues that express like, arousal cues that communicate response, and dominance cues that communicate power in nonverbal messages. Then, use good nonverbal message interpretation skills.

In conclusion, sending a message without using words is what nonverbal communication is all about. It encompasses the communicator's body language, tone of voice, facial expressions, and overall appearance. Effective communication necessitates that the verbal and nonverbal parts of communication be in sync.

1. Depending on whether I'm listening for pleasure, comprehension, or evaluation, I listen differently.

2. When what someone is talking isn't engaging to me, I quit listening.

3. I make a conscious effort to understand the speaker's motivation.

4. I act as if I'm listening to folks while I'm actually thinking about something else.

5. I distinguish between primary themes and supporting details when people speak.

6. When a person's tone of voice irritates me, I stop paying attention.

7. Throughout a conversation, I paraphrase what the speaker says to ensure that I comprehend what he or she is saying.

8. When I perceive a topic to be tough, I quit paying attention.

9.When someone gives extensive information, I take careful notes on the main elements and supporting details.

10. I stop listening and start formulating reactions when people use offensive language.

The Listening Process

The Listening Process Continued
• Recognizing communication • Responding • Recalling

Obstacles to Mindful Listening

In summary, mindful listening is a means of hearing without judging, criticizing, or interrupting others while being aware of personal thoughts and reactions that may obstruct others from speaking successfully with you.

relationships :

The fundamental benefit of interpersonal communication is that it aids in the development of strong interpersonal connections. You can also comprehend and maintain them at the same time. Many people lack the ability to communicate with others.

Disadvantages of interpersonal 

relationships:

The spread of lies and disinformation, as well as the sharing of toxic ideas, are all disadvantages of interpersonal communication.

Relationship Stages : Individuals create and construct relationships; a single relationship actually encompasses numerous relationships; and relationships evolve in phases, leading to intimacy and breakup.

Relationship Stages (cont.)

1. Six stage model
Stage 1: Initial contact – initial impressions & perception interaction

Stage 2: Involvement – developing a sense of mutual connection , experimenting and testing & increasing time spent together

Stage 3: Intimacy - Commit to forming a relationship; become a unit, a distinct pair.
Discuss relationships, share social networks, and discuss interpersonal commitment and social connection.

Stage 4: Relationship degradation – connection breakdown, Intrapersonal unhappiness & Interpersonal deterioration

Stage 5: Reconstruction 
Intrapersonal reorganization & Interpersonal reorganization

Stage 6 : Interpersonal separation Social or public separation Dissolution – severing relationships; seeing oneself as an individual rather than two half of a pair.

So, we can conclude that interpersonal communication is the exchange of information between people who see each other as persons. Self-disclosure, or the revelation of previously unknown facts about oneself to others, is required for interpersonal communication to take place.

• Economic Orientation – products/services 

• Political Orientation – generate and 

distribute power and control 

• Integration Orientation – mediate and 

resolve discord 

• Pattern Maintenance Orientation – promote 

cultural and educational regularity

• Types of Organizational structures 
Traditional bureaucratic structures

• Communication Networks
Formal communication networks is stick to the communication channels that have been established meanwhile informal communication networks is arises from the natural social interaction of the members of the organization

• Organizational Assimilation

Formal source :
 • Internal – Computer systems (human resource, accounting, clients, inventory, purchasing), Staff records, Accounting records, Annual reports, Long range planning records, Company reports – Business documents are examples of formal sources of information (letters, minutes of meetings)
• External sources include professional journals, books, surveys, and industry or government reports.

Informal source :
Informal sources of information include lunch chats with coworkers, as well as information from friends or other associates outside of your organization.

The Dark Side of Workplace Communication

Aggressive Communication :

Sexual Harassment :

In conclusion, the sending and receiving of messages among associated individuals within a specific context or setting to achieve individual and common goals is known as organizational communication. Communication channels, communication climates, network analysis, and superior-subordinate communication are among the topics studied by researchers.

- Using social media for marketing which is we can promote our product in Facebook or Instagram. It can attract people to buy our product.

Disadvantages of social media
- One of disadvantages of social media is cyber bully "The use of information and communication technologies to enable deliberate, repeated, and hostile action by an individual or group with the intent of harming others," according to the definition.
- Middle/high school students are the most affected.
- In recent memory, extreme cases have resulted in suicide.

Privacy Concerns
Burglary is becoming more likely.
• Personal information is available on Facebook, which is increasingly being utilized in divorce cases 
• Personal opinion or group opinion has an impact on relationships

In summary, conversations, community, engaging with the public, and establishing relationships are all important aspects of social media. It's more than just a news outlet or a sales and marketing tool. Authenticity, honesty, and open communication are essential. You can not only listen to what others have to say about you on social media, but you can also respond.